महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-12, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तस्मिन्प्रयाते दुर्धर्षे यदूनामृषभस्ततः ।
अब्रवीत्पुण्डरीकाक्षः कुन्तीपुत्रं युधिष्ठिरम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tasminprayāte durdharṣe yadūnāmṛṣabhastataḥ ,
abravītpuṇḍarīkākṣaḥ kuntīputraṁ yudhiṣṭhiram.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tasmin prayāte durdharṣe yadūnām
ṛṣabhaḥ tataḥ abravīt puṇḍarīkākṣaḥ kuntīputram yudhiṣṭhiram

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, after that unconquerable one had departed, the chief among the Yadus, the lotus-eyed (puṇḍarīkākṣa) Krishna, spoke to Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahabharata. (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - When that unconquerable one (referring to the person who departed). (in that, when that)

• प्रयाते (prayāte) - having departed, gone forth

• दुर्धर्षे (durdharṣe) - unconquerable, invincible, irresistible

• यदूनाम् (yadūnām) - of the Yadus, among the Yadus

• ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - chief/best among the Yadus. Refers to Krishna. (bull, chief, excellent one)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• पुण्डरीकाक्षः (puṇḍarīkākṣaḥ) - Refers to Krishna. (lotus-eyed)

• कुन्तीपुत्रम् (kuntīputram) - Refers to Yudhishthira. (Kunti's son)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - The eldest of the Pandavas. (Yudhishthira)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahabharata. (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

√vac, perfect 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - When that unconquerable one (referring to the person who departed). (in that, when that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

प्रयाते (prayāte) - having departed, gone forth

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prayāta

prayāta - departed, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra- + √yā (या) 'to go' + suffix -ta

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, modifying 'tasmin' and 'durdharṣe'.

दुर्धर्षे (durdharṣe) - unconquerable, invincible, irresistible

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - difficult to be overcome, unconquerable

Derived from dur- (difficult) + √dhṛṣ (धृष्) 'to dare, to overcome'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+dhṛṣa)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
• dhṛṣa – daring, bold
  adjective
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, modifying 'tasmin'.

यदूनाम् (yadūnām) - of the Yadus, among the Yadus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yadu

yadu - Yadu (name of an ancient king and his lineage)

Note: Modifies 'ṛṣabhaḥ'.

ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - chief/best among the Yadus. Refers to Krishna. (bull, chief, excellent one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - bull, chief, best, preeminent

Note: Epithet for Krishna.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense

√brū, imperfect 3rd singular, with augment 'a'

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'ṛṣabhaḥ puṇḍarīkākṣaḥ'.

पुण्डरीकाक्षः (puṇḍarīkākṣaḥ) - Refers to Krishna. (lotus-eyed)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇḍarīkākṣa

puṇḍarīkākṣa - lotus-eyed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (puṇḍarīka+akṣa)

• puṇḍarīka – white lotus
  noun (neuter)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

कुन्तीपुत्रम् (kuntīputram) - Refers to Yudhishthira. (Kunti's son)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kunti

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kunti (mother of Pandavas)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - The eldest of the Pandavas. (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (firm in battle)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  locative of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)