महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-12, verse-7

विदितं चापलं ह्यासीदात्मजस्य महात्मनः ।
सर्वधर्मविदाचार्यो नान्विषत्सततं सुतम् ॥७॥

7. viditaṁ cāpalaṁ hyāsīdātmajasya mahātmanaḥ ,
sarvadharmavidācāryo nānviṣatsatataṁ sutam.

7. viditam cāpalam hi āsīt ātmajasya mahātmanaḥ
sarvadharma-vit ācāryaḥ na anviṣat satatam sutam

7. sarvadharma-vit ācāryaḥ mahātmanaḥ ātmajasya
cāpalam viditam hi āsīt na satatam sutam anviṣat

7. The teacher, who understood all aspects of natural law (dharma), was indeed aware of the impetuous nature of his great-souled son. Therefore, he did not constantly pursue his son.

Words meanings summery:

• विदितम् (viditam) - known, understood, perceived

• चापलम् (cāpalam) - fickleness, unsteadiness, impetuosity

• हि (hi) - Emphasizes the certainty of the statement. (indeed, certainly, because, for)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• आत्मजस्य (ātmajasya) - Refers to Aśvatthāman, the son of Droṇa. (of the son, of one's own offspring)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - Describes the son (Aśvatthāman) as having a great spirit, despite his impetuousness. (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

• सर्वधर्म-वित् (sarvadharma-vit) - Refers to Droṇa, emphasizing his wisdom. (knower of all natural laws, expert in all principles of righteousness)

• आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - Refers to Droṇa. (teacher, preceptor)

• न (na) - not

• अन्विषत् (anviṣat) - Did not constantly seek or supervise his son's behavior. (sought, pursued, investigated)

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, perpetually, always

• सुतम् (sutam) - Refers to Aśvatthāman. (son, offspring)

Words meanings and morphology

विदितम् (viditam) - known, understood, perceived

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, perceived, learned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vid (to know) with suffix -ta.

Root: √vid (class 2)

Note: Functions as predicate adjective.

चापलम् (cāpalam) - fickleness, unsteadiness, impetuosity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cāpala

cāpala - fickleness, unsteadiness, agility, impetuosity

Derived from capala (fickle) with suffix -a (n.) for abstract quality.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

हि (hi) - Emphasizes the certainty of the statement. (indeed, certainly, because, for)

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √as

Imperfect

3rd person singular, imperfect active of √as.

Root: √as (class 2)

आत्मजस्य (ātmajasya) - Refers to Aśvatthāman, the son of Droṇa. (of the son, of one's own offspring)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, offspring, one's own born

Compound of ātman (self) and ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Kṛt suffix
  Derived from √jan (to be born).
  Root: √jan (class 4)

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - Describes the son (Aśvatthāman) as having a great spirit, despite his impetuousness. (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble, distinguished

Compound of mahat (great) and ātman (soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with ātmajasya.

सर्वधर्म-वित् (sarvadharma-vit) - Refers to Droṇa, emphasizing his wisdom. (knower of all natural laws, expert in all principles of righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvadharma-vid

sarvadharma-vid - knower of all natural laws (dharma), expert in all duties

Compound of sarva (all), dharma (natural law), and vid (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+dharma+vid)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knower, knowing, wise
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from √vid (to know).
  Root: √vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - Refers to Droṇa. (teacher, preceptor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide

From ā + √car (to move, conduct).

Prefix: ā

Root: √car (class 1)

Note: Appositive to sarvadharma-vit.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अन्विषत् (anviṣat) - Did not constantly seek or supervise his son's behavior. (sought, pursued, investigated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anu-√iṣ

Imperfect

3rd person singular, imperfect active of √iṣ (to seek) with prefix anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: √iṣ (class 4)

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, perpetually, always

(indeclinable)

From sa (with) + tata (stretched).

Note: Used adverbially.

सुतम् (sutam) - Refers to Aśvatthāman. (son, offspring)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born, produced

Past Passive Participle

From √sū (to give birth, produce).

Root: √sū (class 2)

Note: Object of anviṣat.