महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-78, verse-36

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
क्रुद्धेनोशनसा शप्तो ययातिर्नाहुषस्तदा ।
पूर्वं वयः परित्यज्य जरां सद्योऽन्वपद्यत ॥३६॥

36. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
kruddhenośanasā śapto yayātirnāhuṣastadā ,
pūrvaṁ vayaḥ parityajya jarāṁ sadyo'nvapadyata.

36. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca kruddhena uśanasā śaptaḥ yayātiḥ nāhuṣaḥ
tadā pūrvam vayaḥ parityajya jarām sadyaḥ anvapadyata

36. Vaiśampayana said: Then, Yayāti, the son of Nahuṣa, cursed by the enraged Uśanas (Śukra), immediately abandoned his youth and became afflicted with old age.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampayana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• क्रुद्धेन (kruddhena) - by the enraged, by the angry

• उशनसा (uśanasā) - by Uśanas (Śukra)

• शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - cursed, reviled

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti

• नाहुषः (nāhuṣaḥ) - Yayāti, as the son of King Nahuṣa (son of Nahuṣa, descendant of Nahuṣa)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - former, previous, earlier

• वयः (vayaḥ) - youth, age, period of life

• परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having given up

• जराम् (jarām) - old age, decrepitude

• सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately, at once

• अन्वपद्यत (anvapadyata) - attained, obtained, fell into

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampayana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, disciple of Vyasa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd singular perfect active of √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

क्रुद्धेन (kruddhena) - by the enraged, by the angry

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Acts as an agent here.

उशनसा (uśanasā) - by Uśanas (Śukra)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of uśanas

uśanas - Uśanas (name of the preceptor of the Daityas, also known as Śukra)

शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - cursed, reviled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śapta

śapta - cursed, reviled

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √śap (to curse)

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Yayāti.

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayāti (a legendary king, son of Nahuṣa)

नाहुषः (nāhuṣaḥ) - Yayāti, as the son of King Nahuṣa (son of Nahuṣa, descendant of Nahuṣa)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāhuṣa

nāhuṣa - son of Nahuṣa, descendant of Nahuṣa

patronymic from Nahuṣa

Note: Used here as an epithet for Yayāti.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - former, previous, earlier

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - former, prior, earlier, eastern

Note: Agrees with 'vayaḥ'.

वयः (vayaḥ) - youth, age, period of life

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vayas

vayas - age, youth, vigor

Note: Object of 'parityajya'.

परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) with prefix

Absolutive formed with prefix 'pari-' and root √tyaj

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Absolutive, 'having done X'.

जराम् (jarām) - old age, decrepitude

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, infirmity

Root: jṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'anvapadyata'.

सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately, at once

(indeclinable)

adverbial form

अन्वपद्यत (anvapadyata) - attained, obtained, fell into

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of anupad

Imperfect Middle

3rd singular imperfect middle of √pad (to go) with prefix 'anu'

Prefix: anu

Root: pad (class 4)