महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-78, verse-36

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
क्रुद्धेनोशनसा शप्तो ययातिर्नाहुषस्तदा ।
पूर्वं वयः परित्यज्य जरां सद्योऽन्वपद्यत ॥३६॥

36. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
kruddhenośanasā śapto yayātirnāhuṣastadā ,
pūrvaṁ vayaḥ parityajya jarāṁ sadyo'nvapadyata.

36. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca kruddhena uśanasā śaptaḥ yayātiḥ nāhuṣaḥ
tadā pūrvam vayaḥ parityajya jarām sadyaḥ anvapadyata

36. Vaiśampayana said: Then, Yayāti, the son of Nahuṣa, cursed by the enraged Uśanas (Śukra), immediately abandoned his youth and became afflicted with old age.

36. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה סיפר, אוּשַׁנַס הכועס קילל אז את יַיָאטִי בן נַהוּשַׁה, והוא נטש את נעוריו והזדקן מיד.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampayana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• क्रुद्धेन (kruddhena) - by the enraged, by the angry

• उशनसा (uśanasā) - by Uśanas (Śukra)

• शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - cursed, reviled

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti

• नाहुषः (nāhuṣaḥ) - Yayāti, as the son of King Nahuṣa (son of Nahuṣa, descendant of Nahuṣa)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - former, previous, earlier

• वयः (vayaḥ) - youth, age, period of life

• परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having given up

• जराम् (jarām) - old age, decrepitude

• सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately, at once

• अन्वपद्यत (anvapadyata) - attained, obtained, fell into

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampayana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, disciple of Vyasa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd singular perfect active of √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

क्रुद्धेन (kruddhena) - by the enraged, by the angry

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Acts as an agent here.

उशनसा (uśanasā) - by Uśanas (Śukra)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of uśanas

uśanas - Uśanas (name of the preceptor of the Daityas, also known as Śukra)

शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - cursed, reviled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śapta

śapta - cursed, reviled

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √śap (to curse)

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Yayāti.

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayāti (a legendary king, son of Nahuṣa)

नाहुषः (nāhuṣaḥ) - Yayāti, as the son of King Nahuṣa (son of Nahuṣa, descendant of Nahuṣa)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāhuṣa

nāhuṣa - son of Nahuṣa, descendant of Nahuṣa

patronymic from Nahuṣa

Note: Used here as an epithet for Yayāti.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - former, previous, earlier

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - former, prior, earlier, eastern

Note: Agrees with 'vayaḥ'.

वयः (vayaḥ) - youth, age, period of life

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vayas

vayas - age, youth, vigor

Note: Object of 'parityajya'.

परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) with prefix

Absolutive formed with prefix 'pari-' and root √tyaj

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Absolutive, 'having done X'.

जराम् (jarām) - old age, decrepitude

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, infirmity

Root: jṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'anvapadyata'.

सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately, at once

(indeclinable)

adverbial form

अन्वपद्यत (anvapadyata) - attained, obtained, fell into

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of anupad

Imperfect Middle

3rd singular imperfect middle of √pad (to go) with prefix 'anu'

Prefix: anu

Root: pad (class 4)

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