महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-78, verse-27

देवयान्युवाच ।
अधर्मेण जितो धर्मः प्रवृत्तमधरोत्तरम् ।
शर्मिष्ठयातिवृत्तास्मि दुहित्रा वृषपर्वणः ॥२७॥

27. devayānyuvāca ,
adharmeṇa jito dharmaḥ pravṛttamadharottaram ,
śarmiṣṭhayātivṛttāsmi duhitrā vṛṣaparvaṇaḥ.

27. devayānī uvāca adharmeṇa jitaḥ dharmaḥ pravṛttam
adharottaram śarmiṣṭhayā ativṛttā asmi duhitrā vṛṣaparvaṇaḥ

27. Devayani spoke: Dharma has been overcome by adharma, and the natural order has been inverted. I have been insulted by Sharmishtha, the daughter of Vrishaparvan.

Words meanings summery:

• देवयानी (devayānī) - Devayani (name of Shukra's daughter)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by adharma, by injustice

• जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, overcome

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness, duty, law, virtue

• प्रवृत्तम् (pravṛttam) - begun, occurred, turned forward

• अधरोत्तरम् (adharottaram) - an inversion of the natural order (lower and upper, inverted order, topsy-turvy)

• शर्मिष्ठया (śarmiṣṭhayā) - by Sharmishtha

• अतिवृत्ता (ativṛttā) - (I) have been wronged/insulted (transgressed, violated, passed beyond)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• दुहित्रा (duhitrā) - by the daughter

• वृषपर्वणः (vṛṣaparvaṇaḥ) - of Vrishaparvan

Words meanings and morphology

देवयानी (devayānī) - Devayani (name of Shukra's daughter)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of devayānī

devayānī - Devayani

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

From root vac, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by adharma, by injustice

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong conduct

Compound: na + dharma

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+dharma)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)

जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, overcome

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jita

jita - conquered, overcome, won

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ji (to conquer) with suffix -ta.

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmaḥ'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness, duty, law, virtue

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue

प्रवृत्तम् (pravṛttam) - begun, occurred, turned forward

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - begun, occurred, turned forward, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to turn, to be) with prefix pra and suffix -ta.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Functions as predicate.

अधरोत्तरम् (adharottaram) - an inversion of the natural order (lower and upper, inverted order, topsy-turvy)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adharottara

adharottara - lower and upper, inverted order, topsy-turvy

Compound of adhara (lower) and uttara (upper).

Compound type : dvandva (adhara+uttara)

• adhara – lower, inferior
  adjective (masculine)
• uttara – upper, subsequent, northern
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used here in a neuter singular sense, referring to a state of affairs.

शर्मिष्ठया (śarmiṣṭhayā) - by Sharmishtha

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śarmiṣṭhā

śarmiṣṭhā - Sharmishtha (name of a princess)

अतिवृत्ता (ativṛttā) - (I) have been wronged/insulted (transgressed, violated, passed beyond)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ativṛtta

ativṛtta - transgressed, passed beyond, violated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to turn) with prefix ati and suffix -ta.

Prefix: ati

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'asmi' (implied 'aham').

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present Active

From root as, 1st person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The verb 'to be'.

दुहित्रा (duhitrā) - by the daughter

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of duhitṛ

duhitṛ - daughter

Note: In apposition to 'śarmiṣṭhayā'.

वृषपर्वणः (vṛṣaparvaṇaḥ) - of Vrishaparvan

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vṛṣaparvan

vṛṣaparvan - Vrishaparvan (name of an Asura king)

Note: Possessive of 'duhitrā'.