महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-78, verse-15

तेऽदर्शयन्प्रदेशिन्या तमेव नृपसत्तमम् ।
शर्मिष्ठां मातरं चैव तस्याचख्युश्च दारकाः ॥१५॥

15. te'darśayanpradeśinyā tameva nṛpasattamam ,
śarmiṣṭhāṁ mātaraṁ caiva tasyācakhyuśca dārakāḥ.

15. te adarśayan pradeśinyā tam eva nṛpasattamam
śarmiṣṭhām mātaram ca eva tasyāḥ ācakhyuḥ ca dārakāḥ

15. The boys then pointed with their forefingers to that very best of kings (Yayati) and identified Sharmishtha as their mother.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they (the boys) (they, those)

• अदर्शयन् (adarśayan) - they showed (they showed, they pointed out)

• प्रदेशिन्या (pradeśinyā) - with their forefinger (with the forefinger, by means of the forefinger)

• तम् (tam) - him (the king) (him, that)

• एव (eva) - precisely, that very (just, precisely, indeed)

• नृपसत्तमम् (nṛpasattamam) - that best of kings (Yayati) (best of kings, most excellent king)

• शर्मिष्ठाम् (śarmiṣṭhām) - Sharmishtha (Sharmishtha (proper noun))

• मातरम् (mātaram) - their mother (mother)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - just, precisely, indeed

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - her (Sharmishtha's) (of her, her)

• आचख्युः (ācakhyuḥ) - they told (they told, they declared, they related)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दारकाः (dārakāḥ) - the boys (boys, children)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they (the boys) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'adarśayan' and 'ācakhyuḥ'.

अदर्शयन् (adarśayan) - they showed (they showed, they pointed out)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Tense (Causative)

Imperfect 3rd person plural of the causative stem of dṛś ('to show').

Root: dṛś (class 1)

प्रदेशिन्या (pradeśinyā) - with their forefinger (with the forefinger, by means of the forefinger)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of pradeśinī

pradeśinī - forefinger, index finger

Note: Indicates the instrument used for showing.

तम् (tam) - him (the king) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Note: Object of 'adarśayan'.

एव (eva) - precisely, that very (just, precisely, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the object, 'that very'.

नृपसत्तमम् (nṛpasattamam) - that best of kings (Yayati) (best of kings, most excellent king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpasattama

nṛpasattama - best of kings, most excellent king

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛpa+sattama)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, pre-eminent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama.

Note: In apposition to 'tam', referring to the king.

शर्मिष्ठाम् (śarmiṣṭhām) - Sharmishtha (Sharmishtha (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śarmiṣṭhā

śarmiṣṭhā - Sharmishtha (a princess, daughter of Vrishaparvan, wife of Yayati)

Note: Object of 'ācakhyuḥ', referring to the person they spoke about.

मातरम् (mātaram) - their mother (mother)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: In apposition to 'śarmiṣṭhām', clarifying her role.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'śarmiṣṭhām' and 'mātaram'.

एव (eva) - just, precisely, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word or phrase.

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - her (Sharmishtha's) (of her, her)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, her

Note: Refers to Sharmishtha. The boys told 'about her' (Sharmishtha as their mother).

आचख्युः (ācakhyuḥ) - they told (they told, they declared, they related)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of khyā

Perfect Tense

Perfect 3rd person plural of the root khyā with prefix ā- ('towards, clearly').

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two main actions: showing and telling.

दारकाः (dārakāḥ) - the boys (boys, children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dāraka

dāraka - boy, child, son

Note: Subject of 'ācakhyuḥ'.