महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-78, verse-35

शुक्र उवाच ।
नन्वहं प्रत्यवेक्ष्यस्ते मदधीनोऽसि पार्थिव ।
मिथ्याचारस्य धर्मेषु चौर्यं भवति नाहुष ॥३५॥

35. śukra uvāca ,
nanvahaṁ pratyavekṣyaste madadhīno'si pārthiva ,
mithyācārasya dharmeṣu cauryaṁ bhavati nāhuṣa.

35. śukraḥ uvāca | nanu aham pratyavekṣye te mat-adhīnaḥ asi
pārthiva | mithyācārasya dharmeṣu cauryam bhavati nāhuṣa

35. Śukra said: "Indeed, I should examine you, O king, for you are under my control. For one who acts wrongly in matters of dharma, O son of Nahuṣa, it amounts to theft."

35. שׁוּקְרַה אמר, הלא היית צריך לפנות אליי, הו מלך, אתה תלוי בי. הו בן נַהוּשַׁה, בענייני היושר התנהגות מזויפת היא גניבה.

Words meanings summery:

• शुक्रः (śukraḥ) - Śukra (name of the preceptor of the Dānavas)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ननु (nanu) - indeed, surely, is it not?

• अहम् (aham) - I

• प्रत्यवेक्ष्ये (pratyavekṣye) - I shall examine, I should examine

• ते (te) - your (case/conduct), or for you (to examine) (to you, for you, your)

• मत्-अधीनः (mat-adhīnaḥ) - dependent on me, under my control

• असि (asi) - you are

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - Addressing Yayāti (O king, O ruler of the earth)

• मिथ्याचारस्य (mithyācārasya) - of one who acts wrongly, of one with false conduct

• धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - in matters of dharma, in religious duties

• चौर्यम् (cauryam) - theft, stealing

• भवति (bhavati) - amounts to (becomes, is, happens)

• नाहुष (nāhuṣa) - Addressing Yayāti (O son of Nahuṣa)

Words meanings and morphology

शुक्रः (śukraḥ) - Śukra (name of the preceptor of the Dānavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śukra

śukra - bright, clear; name of the preceptor of the Daityas (Dānavas)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense

Root vac, perfect tense form.

Root: vac (class 2)

ननु (nanu) - indeed, surely, is it not?

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

प्रत्यवेक्ष्ये (pratyavekṣye) - I shall examine, I should examine

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of pratyavekṣ

future tense, 1st person singular

Root īkṣ with upasargas prati-ava.

Prefixes: prati+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

ते (te) - your (case/conduct), or for you (to examine) (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Can also be genitive.

मत्-अधीनः (mat-adhīnaḥ) - dependent on me, under my control

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mat-adhīna

mat-adhīna - dependent on me, subject to me

Tatpuruṣa compound of mat (from asmad) and adhīna.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mat+adhīna)

• mat – me, my (ablative/genitive from asmad)
  pronoun
• adhīna – dependent, subject, under control
  adjective (masculine)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

present tense, 2nd person singular

Root as.

Root: as (class 2)

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - Addressing Yayāti (O king, O ruler of the earth)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal; a king, ruler

Derived from pṛthivī (earth).

मिथ्याचारस्य (mithyācārasya) - of one who acts wrongly, of one with false conduct

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mithyācāra

mithyācāra - false conduct, wrong action; one whose conduct is wrong

Tatpuruṣa compound of mithyā and ācāra.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mithyā+ācāra)

• mithyā – falsely, wrongly, incorrectly
  indeclinable
• ācāra – conduct, custom, practice
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root car with upasarga ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)

धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - in matters of dharma, in religious duties

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, religion, virtue

चौर्यम् (cauryam) - theft, stealing

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of caurya

caurya - theft, stealing, robbery

Derived from cora (thief).

भवति (bhavati) - amounts to (becomes, is, happens)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

present tense, 3rd person singular

Root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

नाहुष (nāhuṣa) - Addressing Yayāti (O son of Nahuṣa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nāhuṣa

nāhuṣa - descendant of Nahuṣa; an epithet for Yayāti

Patronymic derived from Nahuṣa.

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