महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-46, verse-29

तस्मिन्वृक्षे नरः कश्चिदिन्धनार्थाय पार्थिव ।
विचिन्वन्पूर्वमारूढः शुष्कशाखं वनस्पतिम् ।
अबुध्यमानौ तं तत्र वृक्षस्थं पन्नगद्विजौ ॥२९॥

29. tasminvṛkṣe naraḥ kaścidindhanārthāya pārthiva ,
vicinvanpūrvamārūḍhaḥ śuṣkaśākhaṁ vanaspatim ,
abudhyamānau taṁ tatra vṛkṣasthaṁ pannagadvijau.

29. tasmin vṛkṣe naraḥ kaścit indhana-arthāya
pārthiva vicinvan pūrvam ārūḍhaḥ
śuṣka-śākham vanaspatim abudhyamānau
tam tatra vṛkṣa-stham pannaga-dvijau

29. "O King, a certain man had earlier climbed that tree with dry branches, searching for firewood. The serpent and the Brahmin, who were already on the tree, did not notice him there."

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that (tree) (on that)

• वृक्षे (vṛkṣe) - on the tree

• नरः (naraḥ) - a certain man (a man)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - certain (someone, a certain)

• इन्धन-अर्थाय (indhana-arthāya) - for firewood (for the purpose of firewood)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King (O king, O ruler of the earth)

• विचिन्वन् (vicinvan) - searching (for firewood) (searching, picking)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - earlier (previously, before)

• आरूढः (ārūḍhaḥ) - had climbed (climbed, ascended)

• शुष्क-शाखम् (śuṣka-śākham) - with dry branches (having dry branches, with dry branches)

• वनस्पतिम् (vanaspatim) - the tree (tree)

• अबुध्यमानौ (abudhyamānau) - not noticing (not perceiving, not knowing)

• तम् (tam) - him (the man) (him, that)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (on the tree) (there)

• वृक्ष-स्थम् (vṛkṣa-stham) - who was on the tree (standing on a tree, being on a tree)

• पन्नग-द्विजौ (pannaga-dvijau) - the serpent and the Brahmin (the serpent and the Brahmin (dual))

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that (tree) (on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'vṛkṣe'.

वृक्षे (vṛkṣe) - on the tree

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Root: vṛkṣ

नरः (naraḥ) - a certain man (a man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject of 'ārūḍhaḥ'.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - certain (someone, a certain)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, something, a certain

Indefinite pronoun, formed from kim + cit

इन्धन-अर्थाय (indhana-arthāya) - for firewood (for the purpose of firewood)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of indhanārtha

indhanārtha - purpose of firewood

Compound of indhana (firewood) and artha (purpose)

Compound type : tatpurusha (indhana+artha)

• indhana – fuel, firewood
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From root indh (to kindle)
  Root: indh (class 7)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Expresses purpose.

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King (O king, O ruler of the earth)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, king, prince

Derived from pṛthivī (earth) + -a (suffix)

विचिन्वन् (vicinvan) - searching (for firewood) (searching, picking)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ci

ci - to collect, to gather, to search

From root ci (to gather) with prefix vi (apart, intensely)

Prefix: vi

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'naraḥ'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - earlier (previously, before)

(indeclinable)

आरूढः (ārūḍhaḥ) - had climbed (climbed, ascended)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ruh

ruh - to climb, to ascend, to grow

From root ruh (to climb) with prefix ā (up, towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'naraḥ', used in an active sense for an intransitive verb.

शुष्क-शाखम् (śuṣka-śākham) - with dry branches (having dry branches, with dry branches)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śuṣkaśākha

śuṣkaśākha - having dry branches

Compound of śuṣka (dry) and śākha (branch)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śuṣka+śākha)

• śuṣka – dry, dried up
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root śuṣ (to dry)
  Root: śuṣ (class 4)
• śākha – branch, bough
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'vanaspatim'.

वनस्पतिम् (vanaspatim) - the tree (tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanaspati

vanaspati - tree, plant

Compound of vana (forest) and pati (lord). Refers to a large tree, especially one that bears fruit without flowering.

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+pati)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'ārūḍhaḥ' (climbed onto).

अबुध्यमानौ (abudhyamānau) - not noticing (not perceiving, not knowing)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, dual of abudhyamāna

abudhyamāna - not perceiving, unaware

present middle participle

From root budh (to know, perceive), with negative prefix 'a-'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+budhyamāna)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• budhyamāna – perceiving, knowing
  verb (masculine)
  present middle participle
  From root budh (to know)
  Root: budh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'pannagadvijau'.

तम् (tam) - him (the man) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'abudhyamānau'.

तत्र (tatra) - there (on the tree) (there)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place

वृक्ष-स्थम् (vṛkṣa-stham) - who was on the tree (standing on a tree, being on a tree)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣastha

vṛkṣastha - being on a tree, tree-dwelling

Compound of vṛkṣa (tree) and stha (standing, being)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛkṣa+stha)

• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, being, located
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tam' (the man).

पन्नग-द्विजौ (pannaga-dvijau) - the serpent and the Brahmin (the serpent and the Brahmin (dual))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pannagadvija

pannagadvija - serpent and Brahmin

Dvandva compound of pannaga (serpent) and dvija (Brahmin)

Compound type : dvandva (pannaga+dvija)

• pannaga – serpent, snake
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From pan (to go) + ga (going), one that moves on its belly
  Root: pan (class 1)
• dvija – twice-born, Brahmin, bird
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from dvi (two) + jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'abudhyamānau'.