महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-46, verse-40

महानतिक्रमो ह्येष तक्षकस्य दुरात्मनः ।
द्विजस्य योऽददद्द्रव्यं मा नृपं जीवयेदिति ॥४०॥

40. mahānatikramo hyeṣa takṣakasya durātmanaḥ ,
dvijasya yo'dadaddravyaṁ mā nṛpaṁ jīvayediti.

40. mahān atikramaḥ hi eṣaḥ takṣakasya durātmanaḥ
dvijasya yaḥ adadat dravyam mā nṛpam jīvayet iti

40. Indeed, this is a great transgression of the wicked Takṣaka, who gave wealth to the brahmin (Kaśyapa) with the intention that he should not revive the king.

Words meanings summery:

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, powerful

• अतिक्रमः (atikramaḥ) - transgression, offense, violation

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (transgression) (this)

• तक्षकस्य (takṣakasya) - of the nāga king Takṣaka (of Takṣaka)

• दुरात्मनः (durātmanaḥ) - of the evil-minded, of the wicked

• द्विजस्य (dvijasya) - to the brahmin (Kaśyapa) (of the brahmin, to the brahmin)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to Takṣaka) (who, which)

• अददत् (adadat) - gave, bestowed

• द्रव्यम् (dravyam) - wealth, money, substance, thing

• मा (mā) - prohibitive particle (do not, not)

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - the king (Parikṣit) (the king)

• जीवयेत् (jīvayet) - may he revive, may he make live

• इति (iti) - thus, so, saying, in this manner

Words meanings and morphology

महान् (mahān) - great, large, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

अतिक्रमः (atikramaḥ) - transgression, offense, violation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atikrama

atikrama - passing over, going beyond, transgression, offense, violation

action noun

Derived from root kram (to step) with prefix ati

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (transgression) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this, he, she, it (near speaker)

तक्षकस्य (takṣakasya) - of the nāga king Takṣaka (of Takṣaka)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of takṣaka

takṣaka - name of a Nāga king, carpenter, woodcutter

दुरात्मनः (durātmanaḥ) - of the evil-minded, of the wicked

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious person

Compound of dur (bad) and ātman (self, soul)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, ill, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

द्विजस्य (dvijasya) - to the brahmin (Kaśyapa) (of the brahmin, to the brahmin)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a brahmin, kshatriya, or vaishya; often specifically brahmin), bird, tooth

Derived from 'dvi' (two) and 'jan' (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Genitive case used to imply dative ('to the brahmin').

यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to Takṣaka) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

अददत् (adadat) - gave, bestowed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

द्रव्यम् (dravyam) - wealth, money, substance, thing

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dravya

dravya - substance, object, thing, wealth, money, goods

Derived from drav (to run, move)

Root: drav (class 1)

मा (mā) - prohibitive particle (do not, not)

(indeclinable)

नृपम् (nṛpam) - the king (Parikṣit) (the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound of nṛ (man) and pa (protector)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver, drinking
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 1)

जीवयेत् (jīvayet) - may he revive, may he make live

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so, saying, in this manner

(indeclinable)