महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-46, verse-22

तस्मिन्प्रतिगते विप्रे छद्मनोपेत्य तक्षकः ।
तं नृपं नृपतिश्रेष्ठ पितरं धार्मिकं तव ॥२२॥

22. tasminpratigate vipre chadmanopetya takṣakaḥ ,
taṁ nṛpaṁ nṛpatiśreṣṭha pitaraṁ dhārmikaṁ tava.

22. tasmin pratigate vipre chādmanā upetya takṣakaḥ
tam nṛpam nṛpatiśreṣṭham pitaram dhārmikam tava

22. When that brahmin (Kaśyapa) had departed, Takṣaka, having approached deceptively, (went to bite) that king – your righteous father, the best among rulers.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - When that brahmin. Part of a locative absolute construction. (in that, on that, when that)

• प्रतिगते (pratigate) - Kaśyapa having gone away. Part of a locative absolute construction. (returned, gone back)

• विप्रे (vipre) - Refers to Kaśyapa. Head of the locative absolute construction. (in the brahmin, when the brahmin)

• छाद्मना (chādmanā) - Takṣaka's method of approach, implying ill intent. (by deception, with trickery, through disguise)

• उपेत्य (upetya) - Takṣaka's action before (biting) the king. (having approached, having gone near)

• तक्षकः (takṣakaḥ) - The agent performing the action (approaching, and implied biting). (Takṣaka)

• तम् (tam) - Refers to the king being bitten (Parīkṣit). (that, him)

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - The king (Parīkṣit) who is the target of Takṣaka. (king, ruler)

• नृपतिश्रेष्ठम् (nṛpatiśreṣṭham) - Describes the king (Parīkṣit) as an excellent ruler. (the best of kings)

• पितरम् (pitaram) - The king being bitten is the father of the person being addressed by Takṣaka. (father)

• धार्मिकम् (dhārmikam) - Describes the king as righteous and devoted to Dharma. (righteous, virtuous, pious)

• तव (tava) - The king is *your* father (Takṣaka speaking to Parīkṣit). (your, of you)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - When that brahmin. Part of a locative absolute construction. (in that, on that, when that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'vipre'.

प्रतिगते (pratigate) - Kaśyapa having gone away. Part of a locative absolute construction. (returned, gone back)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pratigata

pratigata - returned, gone back, gone away, departed

past passive participle

From root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'prati'.

Prefix: prati

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vipre'.

विप्रे (vipre) - Refers to Kaśyapa. Head of the locative absolute construction. (in the brahmin, when the brahmin)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, sage, inspired one

From root 'vip' (to tremble, to inspire).

Root: vip (class 1)

Note: Head of the locative absolute.

छाद्मना (chādmanā) - Takṣaka's method of approach, implying ill intent. (by deception, with trickery, through disguise)

(noun)

neuter, singular of chādman

chādman - disguise, fraud, deceit, pretext, cover

From root 'chad' (to cover, to conceal).

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: Manner of approaching.

उपेत्य (upetya) - Takṣaka's action before (biting) the king. (having approached, having gone near)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (lyap)

From root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

तक्षकः (takṣakaḥ) - The agent performing the action (approaching, and implied biting). (Takṣaka)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of takṣaka

takṣaka - Name of a serpent, the son of Viśvakarmā

Root: takṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied main verb.

तम् (tam) - Refers to the king being bitten (Parīkṣit). (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Direct object of the implied verb.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - The king (Parīkṣit) who is the target of Takṣaka. (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound 'nṛ' (man) + 'pa' (protector, from root 'pā').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person, hero
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver, drinking
  agent_noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root 'pā' (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Object of implied verb.

नृपतिश्रेष्ठम् (nṛpatiśreṣṭham) - Describes the king (Parīkṣit) as an excellent ruler. (the best of kings)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpatiśreṣṭha

nṛpatiśreṣṭha - best of kings, chief of rulers, most excellent sovereign

Compound 'nṛpati' (king) + 'śreṣṭha' (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpati+śreṣṭha)

• nṛpati – king, ruler, lord of men
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, chief, excellent, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form from root 'śrī' (to shine, be excellent).
  Root: śrī (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'nṛpam'.

पितरम् (pitaram) - The king being bitten is the father of the person being addressed by Takṣaka. (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, guardian

Note: Modifies 'nṛpam'.

धार्मिकम् (dhārmikam) - Describes the king as righteous and devoted to Dharma. (righteous, virtuous, pious)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhārmika

dhārmika - righteous, virtuous, pious, religious, just

From 'dharma' (righteousness) + suffix 'ika'.

Note: Modifies 'nṛpam' and 'pitaram'.

तव (tava) - The king is *your* father (Takṣaka speaking to Parīkṣit). (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive pronoun for 'pitaram'.