महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-46, verse-1

मन्त्रिण ऊचुः ।
ततः स राजा राजेन्द्र स्कन्धे तस्य भुजंगमम् ।
मुनेः क्षुत्क्षाम आसज्य स्वपुरं पुनराययौ ॥१॥

1. mantriṇa ūcuḥ ,
tataḥ sa rājā rājendra skandhe tasya bhujaṁgamam ,
muneḥ kṣutkṣāma āsajya svapuraṁ punarāyayau.

1. mantriṇaḥ ūcuḥ tataḥ sa rājā rājendra skandhe tasya
bhujangamam muneḥ kṣutkṣāma āsajya svapuram punaḥ āyayau

1. The ministers said: 'O King of kings, then that king, after placing the snake on the shoulder of that sage who was famished by hunger, returned to his own city.'

Words meanings summery:

• मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - the ministers (ministers)

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - said (they said, they spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon)

• स (sa) - that (king) (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

• राजा (rājā) - king

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O King of kings

• स्कन्धे (skandhe) - on the shoulder

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (the sage) (of him, to him (genitive/dative singular of 'that'))

• भुजन्गमम् (bhujangamam) - the snake (snake, serpent)

• मुनेः (muneḥ) - of the sage

• क्षुत्क्षाम (kṣutkṣāma) - famished by hunger (emaciated by hunger, famished)

• आसज्य (āsajya) - having placed (having placed, having fixed, having attached)

• स्वपुरम् (svapuram) - to his own city

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, but)

• आययौ (āyayau) - he returned (he went, he came)

Words meanings and morphology

मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - the ministers (ministers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mantrin

mantrin - minister, counselor

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - said (they said, they spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Reduplicated root, irregular form

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - that (king) (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Form of tad with visarga elision before consonant

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O King of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, supreme king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, Indra (the god)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to the listener of the ministers' speech

स्कन्धे (skandhe) - on the shoulder

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of skandha

skandha - shoulder, trunk of a tree

तस्य (tasya) - of him (the sage) (of him, to him (genitive/dative singular of 'that'))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भुजन्गमम् (bhujangamam) - the snake (snake, serpent)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhujangama

bhujangama - snake, serpent (literally 'going on the arm/shoulder')

Compound type : upapada (bhuja+gama)

• bhuja – arm, hand, shoulder
  noun (masculine)
• gama – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of āsajya

मुनेः (muneḥ) - of the sage

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic

Note: Possessive for 'śutkṣāma' or simply 'of the sage'

क्षुत्क्षाम (kṣutkṣāma) - famished by hunger (emaciated by hunger, famished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣutkṣāma

kṣutkṣāma - emaciated by hunger, famished

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣudh+kṣāma)

• kṣudh – hunger
  noun (feminine)
• kṣāma – emaciated, lean, worn out
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root kṣai
  Root: kṣai (class 1)

Note: Describes the sage (muni), although it is in nominative and muni is genitive, this is a common poetic license where an adjective in nom. sg. can describe a previously mentioned noun in a different case.

आसज्य (āsajya) - having placed (having placed, having fixed, having attached)

(indeclinable)

Prefixes: ā+sam

Root: saj (class 1)

Note: Formed with -ya suffix (lyap)

स्वपुरम् (svapuram) - to his own city

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svapura

svapura - one's own city, homeland

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+pura)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun
• pura – city, town, stronghold
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of motion

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, but)

(indeclinable)

आययौ (āyayau) - he returned (he went, he came)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of āyā

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Reduplication with ā prefix