महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-160, verse-21

स कदाचिदथो राजा श्रीमानुरुयशा भुवि ।
चचार मृगयां पार्थ पर्वतोपवने किल ॥२१॥

21. sa kadācidatho rājā śrīmānuruyaśā bhuvi ,
cacāra mṛgayāṁ pārtha parvatopavane kila.

21. saḥ kadācid atha u rājā śrīmān uruyaśā bhuvi
cacāra mṛgayām pārtha parvatopavane kila

21. Once, that glorious and widely renowned king, while on earth, went hunting, O Pārtha, in a mountain grove, it is said.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to King Saṃvaraṇa. (he, that)

• कदाचिद् (kadācid) - once, at some time, sometime

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• उ (u) - indeed, certainly (particle)

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, beautiful, prosperous

• उरुयशा (uruyaśā) - widely famous, widely renowned, having great fame

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

• चचार (cacāra) - he wandered, he roamed, he engaged in, he hunted

• मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - hunting, the chase

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O Pārtha, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

• पर्वतोपवने (parvatopavane) - in a mountain grove/forest

• किल (kila) - indeed, it is said, reputedly

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to King Saṃvaraṇa. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कदाचिद् (kadācid) - once, at some time, sometime

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable formed from interrogative 'kadā' and suffix 'cit'

Note: Denotes indefinite past time.

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

उ (u) - indeed, certainly (particle)

(indeclinable)

Particle, often used for emphasis or connection, especially after 'atha', forming 'atho'

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, beautiful, prosperous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīmat

śrīmat - glorious, beautiful, prosperous, fortunate

From 'śrī' (glory, beauty, prosperity) + possessive suffix 'mat'

Note: Qualifies 'rājā'.

उरुयशा (uruyaśā) - widely famous, widely renowned, having great fame

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uruyaśas

uruyaśas - widely famous, widely renowned, having great fame

Compound of 'uru' (wide, great) and 'yaśas' (fame, glory)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (uru+yaśas)

• uru – wide, great, extensive
  adjective (masculine)
• yaśas – fame, glory, renown
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'rājā'.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, world

Feminine noun

Note: Indicates location.

चचार (cacāra) - he wandered, he roamed, he engaged in, he hunted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of car

Perfect Active Third Singular

From root 'car' (1st class) + Perfect tense (liṭ) + parasmaipada + Third Person Singular

Root: car (class 1)

मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - hunting, the chase

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛgayā

mṛgayā - hunting, the chase

Feminine noun derived from 'mṛga' (animal) + suffix 'yā'

Root: mṛg (class 1)

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O Pārtha, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Note: Address to the listener.

पर्वतोपवने (parvatopavane) - in a mountain grove/forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of parvatopavana

parvatopavana - mountain grove, mountain forest

Compound of 'parvata' (mountain) and 'upavana' (grove, garden)

Compound type : tatpurusha (parvata+upavana)

• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• upavana – grove, garden, forest
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: van (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

किल (kila) - indeed, it is said, reputedly

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating hearsay or emphasis