योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-171, verse-44

जाग्रत्स्वप्नः सुषुप्तं च तुर्यमेवाखिलं स्थितम् ।
तत्त्वविद्गोत्रमूढस्तु यद्वै वेत्ति न वेद्मि तत् ॥ ४४ ॥

jāgratsvapnaḥ suṣuptaṃ ca turyamevākhilaṃ sthitam ,
tattvavidgotramūḍhastu yadvai vetti na vedmi tat 44

44. jāgrat svapnaḥ suṣuptaṃ ca turyaṃ eva akhilaṃ sthitam
tattvavit gotramūḍhaḥ tu yat vai vetti na vedmi tat

44. jāgrat svapnaḥ suṣuptaṃ ca akhilaṃ turyaṃ eva sthitam
tu yat tattvavit gotramūḍhaḥ vai vetti tat na vedmi

44. The waking state, the dream state, and deep sleep—all these are indeed established in the fourth (turiya) state. But what the knower of reality (tattvavit) and the one deluded by conventional classifications (gotramūḍha) truly know—that, I do not know.

Words meanings summery:

• जाग्रत् (jāgrat) - waking (state)

• स्वप्नः (svapnaḥ) - dream, sleep

• सुषुप्तं (suṣuptaṁ) - deep sleep, dreamless sleep

• च (ca) - and, also

• तुर्यं (turyaṁ) - the fourth (state of consciousness) (turiya)

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, certainly

• अखिलं (akhilaṁ) - all, entire, undivided

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - situated, established, existing

• तत्त्ववित् (tattvavit) - knower of truth, knower of reality (tattvavit)

• गोत्रमूढः (gotramūḍhaḥ) - one deluded by worldly distinctions or limited understanding (one deluded by conventional classifications, by lineage)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• यत् (yat) - what, which, that (relative pronoun)

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

• वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, perceives

• न (na) - not, no

• वेद्मि (vedmi) - I know, I perceive

• तत् (tat) - that (correlative pronoun)

Words meanings and morphology

जाग्रत् (jāgrat) - waking (state)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jāgrat

jāgrat - waking, awake, watchful

Present Active Participle

From root jāgṛ (to wake)

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

स्वप्नः (svapnaḥ) - dream, sleep

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svapna

svapna - sleep, dream

From root svap (to sleep)

Root: svap (class 2)

सुषुप्तं (suṣuptaṁ) - deep sleep, dreamless sleep

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of suṣupta

suṣupta - deep sleep, dreamless sleep, sleeping well

Past Passive Participle

From su- (well) + root svap (to sleep)

Prefix: su

Root: svap (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तुर्यं (turyaṁ) - the fourth (state of consciousness) (turiya)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of turya

turya - fourth, the fourth state of consciousness (turiya)

From catur (four)

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, certainly

(indeclinable)

अखिलं (akhilaṁ) - all, entire, undivided

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akhila

akhila - all, entire, complete, undivided

From a (not) + khila (gap, part)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+khila)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• khila – empty space, gap, part, deficient
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the collective states of waking, dream, and deep sleep.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - situated, established, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, existing, firm

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

तत्त्ववित् (tattvavit) - knower of truth, knower of reality (tattvavit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tattvavid

tattvavid - knower of truth, knower of reality

From tattva (truth, reality) + root vid (to know)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tattva+vid)

• tattva – truth, reality, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knowing, knower
  noun
  Agent noun from vid
  Root: vid (class 2)

गोत्रमूढः (gotramūḍhaḥ) - one deluded by worldly distinctions or limited understanding (one deluded by conventional classifications, by lineage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gotramūḍha

gotramūḍha - deluded by family/name/class; foolish from convention

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gotra+mūḍha)

• gotra – family, lineage, name, class, conventional designation
  noun (neuter)
• mūḍha – deluded, bewildered, foolish, ignorant
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root muh (to be bewildered, confused)
  Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Refers to an individual.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - what, which, that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - what, which, that

Note: Functions as the object of vetti and implicitly the subject of the clause.

वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

(indeclinable)

वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, perceives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Present Active Indicative

Root vid (to know), 2nd class, vetti is 3rd person singular present.

Root: vid (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb vedmi.

वेद्मि (vedmi) - I know, I perceive

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Present Active Indicative

Root vid (to know), 2nd class, vedmi is 1st person singular present.

Root: vid (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (correlative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Object of na vedmi.

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