योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-80, verse-7

साक्षिवत्त्वं स्थितं नेत्र रूपमात्मनि तिष्ठति ।
आलोकं कालवशतस्त्वमेकं किं प्रतप्यसे ॥ ७ ॥

sākṣivattvaṃ sthitaṃ netra rūpamātmani tiṣṭhati ,
ālokaṃ kālavaśatastvamekaṃ kiṃ pratapyase 7

7. sākṣivat tvam sthitam netra rūpam ātmani tiṣṭhati
ālokam kālavaśataḥ tvam ekam kim pratapyase

7. netra tvam sākṣivat sthitam rūpam ātmani tiṣṭhati
kālavaśataḥ ālokam tvam ekam kim pratapyase

7. O eye, you are situated as a mere witness. Form (rūpa) (itself) resides within the (ātman). Why do you alone suffer over perception (ālokam) due to the sway of time?

Words meanings summery:

• साक्षिवत् (sākṣivat) - like a witness, as a witness

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (O eye) (you)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing (as a witness) (situated, standing, abiding, fixed)

• नेत्र (netra) - O eye

• रूपम् (rūpam) - the perceived form/object (form, shape, beauty, appearance)

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - in the self, in the soul, in the (ātman)

• तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - resides, stands, remains, exists

• आलोकम् (ālokam) - the act of perception (sight, perception, light, appearance)

• कालवशतः (kālavaśataḥ) - due to the sway of time, by the power of time, because of time's control

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (O eye) (you)

• एकम् (ekam) - alone (one, alone, single)

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why, how)

• प्रतप्यसे (pratapyase) - are tormented, are afflicted, suffer

Words meanings and morphology

साक्षिवत् (sākṣivat) - like a witness, as a witness

(indeclinable)

sākṣin (witness) + vat suffix (meaning 'like')

त्वम् (tvam) - you (O eye) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Pronominal stem for 2nd person singular.

Note: Grammatically tvam can be masculine, feminine or neuter; the form is the same. It agrees with sthitam in a predicative sense.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing (as a witness) (situated, standing, abiding, fixed)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, existing

Past Passive Participle

root √sthā + kta suffix

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Grammatically, sthita in neuter can describe tvam (you) as a state, 'you are in a situated state'.

नेत्र (netra) - O eye

(noun)

Vocative, neuter, singular of netra

netra - eye, leading, guiding

root √nī + tra suffix

Root: nī (class 1)

रूपम् (rūpam) - the perceived form/object (form, shape, beauty, appearance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, beauty, appearance, nature

आत्मनि (ātmani) - in the self, in the soul, in the (ātman)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, (ātman)

root √at + man suffix

Root: at (class 1)

तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - resides, stands, remains, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

आलोकम् (ālokam) - the act of perception (sight, perception, light, appearance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āloka

āloka - sight, perception, looking, light, view

ā + root √lok

Prefix: ā

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: The suffering is directed towards 'perception'.

कालवशतः (kālavaśataḥ) - due to the sway of time, by the power of time, because of time's control

(indeclinable)

kāla (time) + vaśa (sway/control). tasi suffix for ablative cause.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+vaśa)

• kāla – time, period, proper season
  noun (masculine)
• vaśa – sway, control, power, will
  noun (masculine)
  root √vaś (to wish) + a suffix
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Ablative of cause.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (O eye) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Pronominal stem for 2nd person singular.

एकम् (ekam) - alone (one, alone, single)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

Note: ekam is neuter, but tvam can be masculine or feminine. It functions adverbially 'alone'.

किम् (kim) - why (what, why, how)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle.

प्रतप्यसे (pratapyase) - are tormented, are afflicted, suffer

(verb)

2nd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pratap

Passive voice, middle ending, from root √tap (to heat, to suffer) with pra prefix.

Prefix: pra

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Refers to the suffering of the eye/perceiver.