योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-67, verse-40

असंसक्तमकर्तेव कुर्वदेव मनो विदुः ।
न कर्मफलभोक्तृत्वमसक्तं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ ४० ॥

asaṃsaktamakarteva kurvadeva mano viduḥ ,
na karmaphalabhoktṛtvamasaktaṃ pratipadyate 40

40. asaṃsaktam akartā iva kurvat eva manaḥ viduḥ
na karma-phala-bhoktṛtvam asaktam pratipadyate

40. asaṃsaktam akartā iva kurvat eva manaḥ viduḥ.
asaktam karma-phala-bhoktṛtvam na pratipadyate

40. They understand the mind (manas) as unattached, acting merely *as if* it were a doer. The unattached (self) does not experience the enjoyership of the fruits of action (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• असंसक्तम् (asaṁsaktam) - unattached, unentangled, unconnected

• अकर्ता (akartā) - non-doer, not an agent

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• कुर्वत् (kurvat) - doing, acting, performing

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, certainly

• मनः (manaḥ) - the mind, consciousness

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand, they perceive

• न (na) - not, no

• कर्म-फल-भोक्तृत्वम् (karma-phala-bhoktṛtvam) - the state of being an enjoyer of the fruits of action (karma)

• असक्तम् (asaktam) - unattached, disengaged, free from attachment

• प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - obtains, attains, experiences, undergoes

Words meanings and morphology

असंसक्तम् (asaṁsaktam) - unattached, unentangled, unconnected

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asaṃsakta

asaṁsakta - unattached, unentangled, unconnected, aloof

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of saṃsakta (attached). Saṃsakta is from sam-sañj (to attach).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saṃsakta)

• a – not, non, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• saṃsakta – attached, connected, joined
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'sam' and root 'sañj' (to cling, to adhere).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'manas' (implied).

अकर्ता (akartā) - non-doer, not an agent

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akartṛ

akartṛ - non-doer, not an agent

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of 'kartṛ' (doer).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kartṛ)

• a – not, non, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• kartṛ – doer, agent, maker
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun (Kṛt Pratyaya)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do) with -tṛ (तृ) suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: It is an adjective here, acting as predicate.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

कुर्वत् (kurvat) - doing, acting, performing

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kurvat

kurvat - doing, acting, performing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with śatṛ (शतृ) suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'manas' (implied).

एव (eva) - only, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the action being merely 'as if' performing.

मनः (manaḥ) - the mind, consciousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, consciousness

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'viduḥ'.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand, they perceive

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: The implied subject is 'sages' or 'wise ones.'

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कर्म-फल-भोक्तृत्वम् (karma-phala-bhoktṛtvam) - the state of being an enjoyer of the fruits of action (karma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma-phala-bhoktṛtva

karma-phala-bhoktṛtva - the state of being an enjoyer of the fruits of action (karma)

Compound of 'karma-phala' (fruits of action) and 'bhoktṛtva' (enjoyership).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karma+phala+bhoktṛtva)

• karma – action, deed, work, ritual (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)
• bhoktṛtva – enjoyership, the state of being an enjoyer
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from bhoktṛ (enjoyer) with -tva (त्व) suffix.

Note: Object of 'pratipadyate'.

असक्तम् (asaktam) - unattached, disengaged, free from attachment

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asakta

asakta - unattached, disengaged, free from attachment

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of sakta (attached). Sakta is from sañj (to attach).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sakta)

• a – not, non, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• sakta – attached, clinging, devoted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'sañj' (to cling, to adhere).
  Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: This refers to the implicit subject of 'pratipadyate', which is the self or mind.

प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - obtains, attains, experiences, undergoes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pratipad

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The ending -te indicates ātmanepada (middle voice).