योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-39, verse-45

योऽयं देहपरित्यागस्तल्लोके मरणं स्मृतम् ।
न सता नासता तेन कारणं वेद्यवेदनम् ॥ ४५ ॥

yo'yaṃ dehaparityāgastalloke maraṇaṃ smṛtam ,
na satā nāsatā tena kāraṇaṃ vedyavedanam 45

45. yaḥ ayam dehaparityāgaḥ tat loke maraṇam smṛtam
na satā na asatā tena kāraṇam vedyavedanam

45. yaḥ ayaṃ dehaparityāgaḥ tat loke maraṇaṃ smṛtam
tena kāraṇaṃ vedyavedanam na satā na asatā

45. What is called the abandonment of the body is known as death in the world. By that, the fundamental principle which is the knowledge of the knowable is not dependent on being or non-being.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• देहपरित्यागः (dehaparityāgaḥ) - abandonment of the body

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death

• स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - remembered, considered, known

• न (na) - not, nor

• सता (satā) - by the existent, by being

• न (na) - not, nor

• असता (asatā) - by the non-existent, by non-being

• तेन (tena) - by that death (by that, by him, by it)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - fundamental principle (cause, reason, instrument, fundamental principle)

• वेद्यवेदनम् (vedyavedanam) - the knowledge of what is to be known, the knowing of the knowable

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'dehaparityāgaḥ'.

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'dehaparityāgaḥ'.

देहपरित्यागः (dehaparityāgaḥ) - abandonment of the body

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dehaparityāga

dehaparityāga - abandonment of the body

Ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deha+parityāga)

• deha – body, corporeal frame
  noun (masculine)
• parityāga – abandonment, relinquishment, renunciation
  noun (masculine)
  From pari- + √tyaj (to abandon) + ghañ suffix.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative/personal pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'dehaparityāgaḥ'.

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying

action noun

From root mṛ (to die) + ana suffix.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tat'.

स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - remembered, considered, known

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, known, taught, considered

Past Passive Participle

From root smṛ (to remember) + kta suffix.

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'maraṇam'.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following phrase.

सता (satā) - by the existent, by being

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sat

sat - existent, real, good, virtuous; being, reality

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to the principle of existence.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Joins with the previous 'na'.

असता (asatā) - by the non-existent, by non-being

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, bad; non-being, unreality

Present Active Participle (negated)

From na- + root as (to be) + śatṛ suffix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+sat)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• sat – existent, being
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root as (to be) + śatṛ suffix.
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to the principle of non-existence.

तेन (tena) - by that death (by that, by him, by it)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative/personal pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'maraṇam'.

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - fundamental principle (cause, reason, instrument, fundamental principle)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument, means, fundamental principle

action noun

From root kṛ (to do, make) + ṇa/ana suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

वेद्यवेदनम् (vedyavedanam) - the knowledge of what is to be known, the knowing of the knowable

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vedyavedana

vedyavedana - the knowledge of what is to be known, the knowing of the knowable (object of knowledge + act of knowing)

Ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa compound of 'vedya' and 'vedana'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vedya+vedana)

• vedya – knowable, that which is to be known, object of knowledge
  adjective
  Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)
  From root vid (to know) + ya suffix.
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vedana – knowing, perception, knowledge
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From root vid (to know) + ana suffix.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: In apposition to or qualifying 'kāraṇam'.

Previous Verse Next Verse