योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-31, verse-21

इदं जगदसद्ब्रह्म सत्यमित्येव वक्ति यः ।
तमुन्मत्तमिवोन्मत्तो विमूढोऽपि हसत्यलम् ॥ २१ ॥

idaṃ jagadasadbrahma satyamityeva vakti yaḥ ,
tamunmattamivonmatto vimūḍho'pi hasatyalam 21

21. idam jagat asat brahma satyam iti eva vakti yaḥ
tam unmattam iva unmattaḥ vimūḍhaḥ api hasati alam

21. yaḥ idam jagat asat brahma satyam iti eva vakti,
tam unmattam iva unmattaḥ vimūḍhaḥ api alam hasati.

21. He who merely declares, 'this world (jagat) is unreal (asat), and `brahman` is real (satya)', even an utterly deluded person, like a madman, laughs heartily at him.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this

• जगत् (jagat) - world, universe

• असत् (asat) - unreal, non-existent, false

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - `brahman`, the Absolute, ultimate reality

• सत्यम् (satyam) - real, true, truth

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating direct speech

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, merely

• वक्ति (vakti) - speaks, says

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• तम् (tam) - him, that one

• उन्मत्तम् (unmattam) - mad, insane

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उन्मत्तः (unmattaḥ) - a madman, an insane person

• विमूढः (vimūḍhaḥ) - utterly deluded, extremely ignorant

• अपि (api) - even, also

• हसति (hasati) - laughs

• अलम् (alam) - sufficiently, greatly, enough

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Adjective for `jagat`.

जगत् (jagat) - world, universe

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, moving

present active participle

from gam (to go) + śatṛ suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

असत् (asat) - unreal, non-existent, false

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - unreal, non-existent, false

present active participle

na + sat (being, existing)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (na+sat)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• sat – being, existing, real
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  from as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for `jagat`.

ब्रह्म (brahma) - `brahman`, the Absolute, ultimate reality

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - the Absolute Reality, the ultimate truth

Root: bṛh (class 1)

सत्यम् (satyam) - real, true, truth

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - real, true, truth

from sat (being) + ya suffix

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for `brahman`.

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating direct speech

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, merely

(indeclinable)

वक्ति (vakti) - speaks, says

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vac

present, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of `vakti`.

तम् (tam) - him, that one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun, object of `hasati`.

उन्मत्तम् (unmattam) - mad, insane

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of unmatta

unmatta - mad, insane, infatuated

Past Passive Participle

from ud-mad (to become mad)

Prefix: ud

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Adjective for `tam`.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

उन्मत्तः (unmattaḥ) - a madman, an insane person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of unmatta

unmatta - mad, insane, a madman

Past Passive Participle used as noun

from ud-mad (to become mad)

Prefix: ud

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Subject of comparison, referring to `vimūḍhaḥ` by implication.

विमूढः (vimūḍhaḥ) - utterly deluded, extremely ignorant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimūḍha

vimūḍha - utterly deluded, extremely ignorant, confused

Past Passive Participle

from vi-muh (to be utterly confused)

Prefix: vi

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Subject of `hasati`.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

हसति (hasati) - laughs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of has

present, active voice

Root: has (class 1)

अलम् (alam) - sufficiently, greatly, enough

(indeclinable)