योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-31, verse-11

श्रीराम उवाच ।
नासतो विद्यते भावो नाभावो विद्यते सतः ।
ते ह्यसन्तः कथं सत्तां संपन्ना इति मे वद ॥ ११ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
nāsato vidyate bhāvo nābhāvo vidyate sataḥ ,
te hyasantaḥ kathaṃ sattāṃ saṃpannā iti me vada 11

11. śrīrāma uvāca na asataḥ vidyate bhāvaḥ na abhāvaḥ vidyate
sataḥ te hi asantaḥ katham sattām sampannāḥ iti me vada

11. śrīrāma uvāca asataḥ bhāvaḥ na vidyate sataḥ abhāvaḥ na
vidyate hi te asantaḥ katham sattām sampannāḥ iti me vada

11. Śrī Rāma said: That which is non-existent (asat) cannot truly come into being (bhāva), and that which is existent (sat) cannot cease to be. So tell me, how can those things which are non-existent attain true existence?

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Śrī Rāma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• असतः (asataḥ) - of the non-existent, from the non-existent

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, belongs to

• भावः (bhāvaḥ) - being or existence (existence, being, state, nature, feeling)

• न (na) - not, no

• अभावः (abhāvaḥ) - non-existence or absence of being (non-existence, absence, negation)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, belongs to

• सतः (sataḥ) - of the existent, from the existent

• ते (te) - they, those

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• असन्तः (asantaḥ) - non-existent, unreal (plural)

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• सत्ताम् (sattām) - true existence (existence, reality, being)

• सम्पन्नाः (sampannāḥ) - attain or achieve (attained, accomplished, endowed with, become)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks direct speech or thought)

• मे (me) - to me, for me, my

• वद (vada) - tell, speak

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Śrī Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Lord Rama

Compound type : karmajā (śrī+rāma)

• śrī – splendor, prosperity, glory; respected, holy
  adjective (feminine)
• rāma – Rama (a Hindu deity), pleasing, charming
  proper noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

असतः (asataḥ) - of the non-existent, from the non-existent

(adjective)

Genitive, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, bad

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• sat – existent, real, good; being, reality
  adjective
  present active participle
  present participle of 'as' (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'that which is non-existent'.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, belongs to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vid

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: The root 'vid' has multiple classes and meanings; here it's from 4th class meaning 'to exist'.

भावः (bhāvaḥ) - being or existence (existence, being, state, nature, feeling)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāva

bhāva - existence, being, state, nature, disposition, feeling

derived from root 'bhū' (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अभावः (abhāvaḥ) - non-existence or absence of being (non-existence, absence, negation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhāva

abhāva - non-existence, absence, negation

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhāva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• bhāva – existence, being, state, nature, disposition, feeling
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root 'bhū' (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, belongs to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vid

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: The root 'vid' has multiple classes and meanings; here it's from 4th class meaning 'to exist'.

सतः (sataḥ) - of the existent, from the existent

(adjective)

Genitive, singular of sat

sat - existent, real, good; being, reality

present active participle

present participle of 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'that which is existent'.

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Masculine plural nominative of 'tad'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

असन्तः (asantaḥ) - non-existent, unreal (plural)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, bad

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• sat – existent, real, good; being, reality
  adjective
  present active participle
  present participle of 'as' (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Masculine plural nominative of 'asat'. Agrees with 'te'.

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

सत्ताम् (sattām) - true existence (existence, reality, being)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sattā

sattā - existence, reality, being, entity

derived from 'sat'

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Object of 'sampannāḥ' (attain).

सम्पन्नाः (sampannāḥ) - attain or achieve (attained, accomplished, endowed with, become)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sampanna

sampanna - attained, accomplished, endowed with, complete, become

Past Passive Participle

ppp of 'sam-pad'

Prefix: sam

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Masculine plural nominative, agreeing with 'te asantaḥ'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of Rāma's question.

मे (me) - to me, for me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Enclitic form of 1st person pronoun.

वद (vada) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)