योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-7, verse-45

यन्नाम युक्तिभिरिह प्रवदन्ति तज्ज्ञास्तत्रावहेलनमयुक्तमुदारबुद्धे ।
यो यक्तियुक्तमवमत्य विमूढबुद्धिः कष्टाग्रहो भवति तं विदुरज्ञमेव ॥ ४५ ॥

yannāma yuktibhiriha pravadanti tajjñāstatrāvahelanamayuktamudārabuddhe ,
yo yaktiyuktamavamatya vimūḍhabuddhiḥ kaṣṭāgraho bhavati taṃ vidurajñameva 45

45. yat nāma yuktiḥbhiḥ iha pravadanti tatjñāḥ
tatra avahelanam ayuktam udārabuddhe
yaḥ yuktiyuktam avamatya vimūḍhabuddhiḥ
kaṣṭāgrahaḥ bhavati tam viduḥ ajñam eva

45. udārabuddhe,
iha yat nāma yuktiḥbhiḥ tatjñāḥ pravadanti,
tatra avahelanam ayuktam.
yaḥ vimūḍhabuddhiḥ (san) yuktiyuktam avamatya kaṣṭāgrahaḥ bhavati,
tam eva ajñam viduḥ.

45. O noble-minded one (udārabuddhe), it is improper to disregard that which experts here declare with logical reasoning (yukti). Whoever, with a deluded intellect (vimūḍhabuddhi), despises what is well-reasoned (yukti), and stubbornly clings to error, him they indeed know as ignorant.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, whatever, that which

• नाम (nāma) - Used as an emphatic particle. (indeed, by name, forsooth)

• युक्तिःभिः (yuktiḥbhiḥ) - by reasons, by arguments, with logic

• इह (iha) - in this context or discussion (here, in this world, in this matter)

• प्रवदन्ति (pravadanti) - they declare, they speak, they teach

• तत्ज्ञाः (tatjñāḥ) - those who know that, experts in that

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that matter

• अवहेलनम् (avahelanam) - disrespect, disregard, contempt

• अयुक्तम् (ayuktam) - improper, unsuitable, illogical

• उदारबुद्धे (udārabuddhe) - O noble-minded one, O one of generous intellect

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• युक्तियुक्तम् (yuktiyuktam) - well-reasoned, logical, proper

• अवमत्य (avamatya) - having despised, having disregarded

• विमूढबुद्धिः (vimūḍhabuddhiḥ) - one whose intellect is deluded, foolish

• कष्टाग्रहः (kaṣṭāgrahaḥ) - stubbornly attached to difficulty, obstinate, obstinately clinging to error

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• तम् (tam) - him

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

• अज्ञम् (ajñam) - ignorant, foolish (masculine accusative singular)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, whatever, that which

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what, whoever

नाम (nāma) - Used as an emphatic particle. (indeed, by name, forsooth)

(indeclinable)

युक्तिःभिः (yuktiḥbhiḥ) - by reasons, by arguments, with logic

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of yukti

yukti - reason, logic, argument, propriety

Root: yuj (class 7)

इह (iha) - in this context or discussion (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

प्रवदन्ति (pravadanti) - they declare, they speak, they teach

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vad

present active indicative 3rd plural

Root vad + pra prefix.

Prefix: pra

Root: vad (class 1)

तत्ज्ञाः (tatjñāḥ) - those who know that, experts in that

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tatjña

tatjña - one who knows that, expert in that

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+jña)

• tad – that, he, she, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that matter

(indeclinable)

अवहेलनम् (avahelanam) - disrespect, disregard, contempt

(noun)

neuter, singular of avahelana

avahelana - disregard, contempt, disrespect

Prefix: ava

Root: hel (class 1)

अयुक्तम् (ayuktam) - improper, unsuitable, illogical

(adjective)

neuter, singular of ayukta

ayukta - improper, unsuited, not connected, illogical

Past Passive Participle (negated)

a (not) + yukta (joined/proper).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yukta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• yukta – joined, proper, fit, rational
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj.
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with avahelanam (neuter singular nom/acc).

उदारबुद्धे (udārabuddhe) - O noble-minded one, O one of generous intellect

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of udārabuddhi

udārabuddhi - noble-minded, generous of intellect

Compound type : bahuvrihi (udāra+buddhi)

• udāra – noble, generous, exalted
  adjective (masculine)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, that

Note: Relative pronoun.

युक्तियुक्तम् (yuktiyuktam) - well-reasoned, logical, proper

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuktiyukta

yuktiyukta - endowed with reason, logical, proper, suitable

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yukti+yukta)

• yukti – reason, logic, argument, propriety
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• yukta – joined, proper, fit, rational
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj.
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with an implied object, possibly "that (statement)" which is neuter.

अवमत्य (avamatya) - having despised, having disregarded

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Prefix ava + root man + suffix -ya (after prefix).

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Absolutive form, "having disregarded".

विमूढबुद्धिः (vimūḍhabuddhiḥ) - one whose intellect is deluded, foolish

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimūḍhabuddhi

vimūḍhabuddhi - one whose intellect is deluded/confused, foolish

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi-mūḍha+buddhi)

• vi-mūḍha – deluded, confused, foolish
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix vi + root muh + kta.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: muh (class 4)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies "yaḥ" (he who).

कष्टाग्रहः (kaṣṭāgrahaḥ) - stubbornly attached to difficulty, obstinate, obstinately clinging to error

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṣṭāgraha

kaṣṭāgraha - stubbornly clinging to what is difficult or wrong, obstinacy

Compound type : tatpuruṣa/bahuvrihi (kaṣṭa+āgraha)

• kaṣṭa – difficult, painful, bad, error
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kaṣ.
  Root: kaṣ (class 1)
• āgraha – insistence, stubbornness, clinging, seizing
  noun (masculine)
  ā (prefix) + grah (root) + a (suffix).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Qualifies "yaḥ" (he who).

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

present active indicative 3rd singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Note: Refers to "yaḥ" (he who).

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (semantic) / perfect (morphological) (liṭ) of vid

perfect active indicative 3rd plural

Root vid (2nd class, 'know' sense) - form is irregular, often used as present.

Root: vid (class 2)

अज्ञम् (ajñam) - ignorant, foolish (masculine accusative singular)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ajña

ajña - ignorant, foolish, unaware

a (not) + jña (knower).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jña)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with "tam".

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)