योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-1, verse-33

सति त्वस्मिन्कुतो दृश्ये निर्विकल्पसमाधिता ।
समाधौ चेतनत्वं तु तुर्यं चाप्युपपद्यते ॥ ३३ ॥

sati tvasminkuto dṛśye nirvikalpasamādhitā ,
samādhau cetanatvaṃ tu turyaṃ cāpyupapadyate 33

33. sati tu asmin kutaḥ dṛśye nirvikalpasamādhitā
samādhau cetanatvam tu turyam ca api upapadyate

33. tu asmin dṛśye sati kutaḥ nirvikalpasamādhitā
samādhau tu cetanatvam ca turyam api upapadyate

33. But while this visible (dṛśya) world (as an object) still exists, how can there be the state of undifferentiated meditative absorption (nirvikalpa samādhi)? Yet, in (true) meditative absorption (samādhi), awareness (cetanatva) and indeed the transcendental fourth (turīya) state become attainable.

Words meanings summery:

• सति (sati) - while existing, being present (being, existing)

• तु (tu) - but (emphasizing contrast) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (referring to dṛśye) (in this)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - how then, from where (from where, whence, how, why)

• दृश्ये (dṛśye) - in this visible (dṛśya) world (as an object) (in the visible world/object)

• निर्विकल्पसमाधिता (nirvikalpasamādhitā) - the state of undifferentiated meditative absorption (nirvikalpa samādhi) (the state of undifferentiated meditative absorption)

• समाधौ (samādhau) - in (true) meditative absorption (samādhi) (in meditative absorption, in concentration)

• चेतनत्वम् (cetanatvam) - awareness (cetanatva) (consciousness, intelligence, awareness)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the consequence) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• तुर्यम् (turyam) - the transcendental fourth (turīya) state (the fourth (state, i.e., turīya))

• च (ca) - and also (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also, even (even, also, too)

• उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - become attainable, arise (arises, obtains, is found, becomes possible)

Words meanings and morphology

सति (sati) - while existing, being present (being, existing)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - existing, being, real, good

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

तु (tu) - but (emphasizing contrast) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (referring to dṛśye) (in this)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

कुतः (kutaḥ) - how then, from where (from where, whence, how, why)

(indeclinable)

दृश्ये (dṛśye) - in this visible (dṛśya) world (as an object) (in the visible world/object)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dṛśya

dṛśya - visible, perceptible, the object of sight, the world of phenomena

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see), with suffix -ya

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction

निर्विकल्पसमाधिता (nirvikalpasamādhitā) - the state of undifferentiated meditative absorption (nirvikalpa samādhi) (the state of undifferentiated meditative absorption)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirvikalpasamādhitā

nirvikalpasamādhitā - the state of nirvikalpa samādhi (undifferentiated absorption)

Compound of nirvikalpa + samādhitā

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nirvikalpa+samādhitā)

• nirvikalpa – without distinction, undifferentiated, free from doubt
  adjective (masculine)
  nir- (privative prefix) + vikalpa (distinction, doubt)
  Prefix: nir
• samādhitā – the state of samādhi, absorption
  noun (feminine)
  From samādhi + -tā (suffix for abstract noun)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'

समाधौ (samādhau) - in (true) meditative absorption (samādhi) (in meditative absorption, in concentration)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samādhi

samādhi - concentration, meditative absorption, profound meditation (samādhi)

sam-ā- (prefixes) + root dhā (to place, put)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Locative of condition

चेतनत्वम् (cetanatvam) - awareness (cetanatva) (consciousness, intelligence, awareness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cetanatva

cetanatva - consciousness, intelligence, awareness, the state of being conscious

From cetana (conscious) + -tva (suffix for abstract noun)

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: One of the subjects of upapadyate

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the consequence) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used again, this time to introduce the positive consequence of samādhi

तुर्यम् (turyam) - the transcendental fourth (turīya) state (the fourth (state, i.e., turīya))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of turya

turya - the fourth, the fourth state of consciousness (turīya)

From catur (four)

Note: One of the subjects of upapadyate

च (ca) - and also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects cetanatvam and turyam

अपि (api) - also, even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes turyam

उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - become attainable, arise (arises, obtains, is found, becomes possible)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upapady

Present tense, Middle Voice

upa- (prefix) + root pad (to go, attain)

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The verb governs the nominative subjects cetanatvam and turyam