योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-1, verse-13

स तथाभूत एवात्मा स्वयमन्य इवोल्लसन् ।
जीवतामुपयातीव भाविनाम्ना कदर्थिताम् ॥ १३ ॥

sa tathābhūta evātmā svayamanya ivollasan ,
jīvatāmupayātīva bhāvināmnā kadarthitām 13

13. saḥ tathābhūtaḥ eva ātmā svayam anyaḥ iva ullasan
jīvatām upayāti iva bhāvinā nāmnā kadarthitām

13. saḥ ātmā tathābhūtaḥ eva svayam anyaḥ iva ullasan
bhāvinā nāmnā kadarthitām jīvatām iva upayāti

13. That very Self (ātman), having become thus, shines forth as if it were distinct. It then, as it were, spontaneously attains the state of a living being (jīva), a state which is then degraded by its future designation.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the ultimate Self (ātman) discussed in previous verses. (he, that)

• तथाभूतः (tathābhūtaḥ) - Having become as described in previous verses (e.g., manifest). (having become such, being in such a state)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes 'ātman' (the very Self). (only, just, indeed, verily)

• आत्मा (ātmā) - The ultimate Self (ātman). (the Self (ātman), soul, essence)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - by oneself, spontaneously, naturally

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - Appears as if it were a separate entity. (another, other, distinct)

• इव (iva) - Indicates a simile or appearance rather than reality. (as if, like, as)

• उल्लसन् (ullasan) - Refers to the Self appearing or manifesting. (shining forth, appearing, rising, blossoming)

• जीवताम् (jīvatām) - The state of being a living individual (jīva). (to the state of a living being, to life)

• उपयाति (upayāti) - attains, approaches, goes towards

• इव (iva) - Indicates a simile or appearance rather than reality. (as if, like, as)

• भाविना (bhāvinā) - Refers to the name/designation that will be associated with the jīva. (by a future, by an impending, by one that will be)

• नाम्ना (nāmnā) - The designation that identifies the jīva and thus degrades its original nature. (by a name, by a designation)

• कदर्थिताम् (kadarthitām) - Describes the state of being a living being (jīva), which is seen as a degradation from the pure Self. (degraded, spoiled, abused, rendered useless)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the ultimate Self (ātman) discussed in previous verses. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

तथाभूतः (tathābhūtaḥ) - Having become as described in previous verses (e.g., manifest). (having become such, being in such a state)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tathābhūta

tathābhūta - having become so, being of such a kind, suchlike

Past Passive Participle

Compound: tathā (thus) + bhūta (become)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+bhūta)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• bhūta – become, happened, past; a being, creature
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, to become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ātman'.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes 'ātman' (the very Self). (only, just, indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

आत्मा (ātmā) - The ultimate Self (ātman). (the Self (ātman), soul, essence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - breath, soul, self, essence, vital principle

'an'-stem noun

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

स्वयम् (svayam) - by oneself, spontaneously, naturally

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of reflexive pronoun

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - Appears as if it were a separate entity. (another, other, distinct)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different, distinct

Note: Predicate for 'ātman' in simile.

इव (iva) - Indicates a simile or appearance rather than reality. (as if, like, as)

(indeclinable)

Particle

उल्लसन् (ullasan) - Refers to the Self appearing or manifesting. (shining forth, appearing, rising, blossoming)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ullasat

ullasat - shining forth, appearing, rising, blossoming, delighting

Present Active Participle

From ut-las (to shine, to sport, to appear)

Prefix: ut

Root: las (class 1)

जीवताम् (jīvatām) - The state of being a living individual (jīva). (to the state of a living being, to life)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jīvatā

jīvatā - life, vitality, state of a living being

From 'jīva' + suffix '-tā' (abstract noun)

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of 'upayāti'.

उपयाति (upayāti) - attains, approaches, goes towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upayā

Root yā (to go) with upasarga upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Verb for 'ātman'.

इव (iva) - Indicates a simile or appearance rather than reality. (as if, like, as)

(indeclinable)

Particle

भाविना (bhāvinā) - Refers to the name/designation that will be associated with the jīva. (by a future, by an impending, by one that will be)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhāvin

bhāvin - being, existing, future, impending, that which will be

Future Active Participle

From root bhū (to be) + suffix -in

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'nāmnā'.

नाम्ना (nāmnā) - The designation that identifies the jīva and thus degrades its original nature. (by a name, by a designation)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, designation

'an'-stem noun

Note: Agent/means of degradation.

कदर्थिताम् (kadarthitām) - Describes the state of being a living being (jīva), which is seen as a degradation from the pure Self. (degraded, spoiled, abused, rendered useless)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kadarthita

kadarthita - degraded, spoiled, abused, ill-used, rendered useless, made to serve a bad purpose

Past Passive Participle

From kad-artha (bad purpose/meaning) + suffix -ita (past participle from noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kad+arthita)

• kad – bad, evil, deficient, little, difficult
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating badness or defect
• arthita – desired, requested, meant, purposed
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root arth (to ask, to mean, to pursue a purpose)
  Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'jīvatām'.