योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-10, verse-35

कथं नाथ महादुःखमयः संसार आगतः ।
कथं च क्षीयते जन्तोरिति पृष्टेन तेन मे ॥ ३५ ॥

kathaṃ nātha mahāduḥkhamayaḥ saṃsāra āgataḥ ,
kathaṃ ca kṣīyate jantoriti pṛṣṭena tena me 35

35. katham nātha mahā-duḥkha-mayaḥ saṃsāraḥ āgataḥ
katham ca kṣīyate jantoḥ iti pṛṣṭena tena me

35. nātha mahā-duḥkha-mayaḥ saṃsāraḥ katham āgataḥ
ca jantoḥ katham kṣīyate iti me tena pṛṣṭena

35. "O Lord, how did this transmigratory existence (saṃsāra), which is full of great suffering, come about? And how is it destroyed for a living being?" These were the questions asked by me to him.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• नाथ (nātha) - O Lord (master, lord, protector)

• महा-दुःख-मयः (mahā-duḥkha-mayaḥ) - full of great suffering (full of great suffering, consisting of great pain)

• संसारः (saṁsāraḥ) - transmigratory existence (saṃsāra) (transmigratory existence, cycle of birth and death)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - came about, arose (arrived, come, produced)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• क्षीयते (kṣīyate) - is destroyed (it is destroyed, it diminishes, it perishes)

• जन्तोः (jantoḥ) - for a living being (of a living being, of a creature, from a living being)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of the quotation/questions) (thus, so, in this manner (marks a quotation))

• पृष्टेन (pṛṣṭena) - by having been asked (describes the Lord) (by (one who has been) asked)

• तेन (tena) - by him (the Lord) (by him, by that)

• मे (me) - by me (by me, to me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb from kim

नाथ (nātha) - O Lord (master, lord, protector)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nātha

nātha - master, lord, protector

महा-दुःख-मयः (mahā-duḥkha-mayaḥ) - full of great suffering (full of great suffering, consisting of great pain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-duḥkha-maya

mahā-duḥkha-maya - consisting of great suffering

Compound meaning 'consisting of great sorrow' (mahā + duḥkha + maya)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahā+duḥkha+maya)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  From mahat
• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain
  noun (neuter)
• maya – consisting of, full of, made of
  suffix (masculine)
  Pṛatyaya meaning 'consisting of', 'full of', or 'made of'

संसारः (saṁsāraḥ) - transmigratory existence (saṃsāra) (transmigratory existence, cycle of birth and death)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsāra

saṁsāra - transmigratory existence, cycle of birth and death

From saṃ + √sṛ (to flow)

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of āgataḥ.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - came about, arose (arrived, come, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, produced

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of ā + √gam

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saṃsāraḥ.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb from kim

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

क्षीयते (kṣīyate) - is destroyed (it is destroyed, it diminishes, it perishes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of √kṣi

Present Passive

3rd person singular present passive, Atmanepada

Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Verb for the destruction of saṃsāra.

जन्तोः (jantoḥ) - for a living being (of a living being, of a creature, from a living being)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - living being, creature, human being

Root: jan (class 1)

Note: Related to kṣīyate.

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of the quotation/questions) (thus, so, in this manner (marks a quotation))

(indeclinable)

Particle marking conclusion or quotation

पृष्टेन (pṛṣṭena) - by having been asked (describes the Lord) (by (one who has been) asked)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭa

pṛṣṭa - asked, questioned

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √prach

Root: prach (class 6)

तेन (tena) - by him (the Lord) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent of an implied verb of 'asking/being asked'.

मे (me) - by me (by me, to me, my)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Enclitic form for instrumental, dative or genitive of aham