योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-10, verse-32

कष्टं संसारनामायं दोषः कथमिहागतः ।
इति चिन्तितवानन्तस्तूष्णीमेव व्यवस्थितः ॥ ३२ ॥

kaṣṭaṃ saṃsāranāmāyaṃ doṣaḥ kathamihāgataḥ ,
iti cintitavānantastūṣṇīmeva vyavasthitaḥ 32

32. kaṣṭam saṃsāranāma ayam doṣaḥ katham iha āgataḥ
iti cintitavān antaḥ tūṣṇīm eva vyavasthitaḥ

32. kaṣṭam! saṃsāranāma ayam doṣaḥ katham iha āgataḥ ? iti antaḥ cintitavān,
tūṣṇīm eva vyavasthitaḥ

32. Alas! How did this defect, called (saṃsāra), come here? Thinking thus internally, he then remained silent.

Words meanings summery:

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - Alas! Woe!, difficult, painful

• संसारनाम (saṁsāranāma) - named (saṃsāra), called (saṃsāra)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - defect, fault, evil, error

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner? why?

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - come, arrived, approached

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

• चिन्तितवान् (cintitavān) - thought, pondered

• अन्तः (antaḥ) - internally (adverbial) (inner, internal, within, heart)

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, in silence

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - remained, settled, situated, established

Words meanings and morphology

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - Alas! Woe!, difficult, painful

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root √kaṣ with suffix -ta, often used as an interjection.

Root: kaṣ (class 1)

संसारनाम (saṁsāranāma) - named (saṃsāra), called (saṃsāra)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsāranāman

saṁsāranāman - named (saṃsāra), the name (saṃsāra)

Compound of 'saṃsāra' and 'nāman'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃsāra+nāman)

• saṃsāra – transmigration, cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra)
  noun (masculine)
  From √sṛ with sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• nāman – name, appellation
  noun (neuter)

Note: The word 'saṃsāranāma' here functions as an adjective modifying 'doṣaḥ'.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - defect, fault, evil, error

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - defect, fault, vice, evil, error

Root: duṣ (class 4)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner? why?

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

आगतः (āgataḥ) - come, arrived, approached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, happened, occurred

Past Passive Participle

Masculine nominative singular from root √gam with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

चिन्तितवान् (cintitavān) - thought, pondered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cintitavat

cintitavat - one who has thought

Past Active Participle

Masculine nominative singular of the past active participle from root √cint (to think, consider).

Root: cint (class 10)

अन्तः (antaḥ) - internally (adverbial) (inner, internal, within, heart)

(indeclinable)

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, in silence

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - remained, settled, situated, established

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - remained, settled, established, situated, fixed

Past Passive Participle

Masculine nominative singular from root √sthā with prefixes vi-ava-.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)