योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-10, verse-32

कष्टं संसारनामायं दोषः कथमिहागतः ।
इति चिन्तितवानन्तस्तूष्णीमेव व्यवस्थितः ॥ ३२ ॥

kaṣṭaṃ saṃsāranāmāyaṃ doṣaḥ kathamihāgataḥ ,
iti cintitavānantastūṣṇīmeva vyavasthitaḥ 32

32. kaṣṭam saṃsāranāma ayam doṣaḥ katham iha āgataḥ
iti cintitavān antaḥ tūṣṇīm eva vyavasthitaḥ

32. kaṣṭam! saṃsāranāma ayam doṣaḥ katham iha āgataḥ ? iti antaḥ cintitavān,
tūṣṇīm eva vyavasthitaḥ

32. Alas! How did this defect, called (saṃsāra), come here? Thinking thus internally, he then remained silent.

32. אוי, כיצד הגיע לכאן הפגם הזה שנקרא סַמְסָארָה (סבך הקיום התופעתי)? כך הרהרתי בלבי, ונשארתי יושב בדממה.

Words meanings summery:

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - Alas! Woe!, difficult, painful

• संसारनाम (saṁsāranāma) - named (saṃsāra), called (saṃsāra)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - defect, fault, evil, error

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner? why?

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - come, arrived, approached

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

• चिन्तितवान् (cintitavān) - thought, pondered

• अन्तः (antaḥ) - internally (adverbial) (inner, internal, within, heart)

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, in silence

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - remained, settled, situated, established

Words meanings and morphology

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - Alas! Woe!, difficult, painful

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root √kaṣ with suffix -ta, often used as an interjection.

Root: kaṣ (class 1)

संसारनाम (saṁsāranāma) - named (saṃsāra), called (saṃsāra)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsāranāman

saṁsāranāman - named (saṃsāra), the name (saṃsāra)

Compound of 'saṃsāra' and 'nāman'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃsāra+nāman)

• saṃsāra – transmigration, cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra)
  noun (masculine)
  From √sṛ with sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• nāman – name, appellation
  noun (neuter)

Note: The word 'saṃsāranāma' here functions as an adjective modifying 'doṣaḥ'.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - defect, fault, evil, error

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - defect, fault, vice, evil, error

Root: duṣ (class 4)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner? why?

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

आगतः (āgataḥ) - come, arrived, approached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, happened, occurred

Past Passive Participle

Masculine nominative singular from root √gam with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

चिन्तितवान् (cintitavān) - thought, pondered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cintitavat

cintitavat - one who has thought

Past Active Participle

Masculine nominative singular of the past active participle from root √cint (to think, consider).

Root: cint (class 10)

अन्तः (antaḥ) - internally (adverbial) (inner, internal, within, heart)

(indeclinable)

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, in silence

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - remained, settled, situated, established

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - remained, settled, established, situated, fixed

Past Passive Participle

Masculine nominative singular from root √sthā with prefixes vi-ava-.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

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