वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-29, verse-31

रावणस्तु समासाद्य वस्वादित्यमरुद्गणान् ।
न शशाक रणे स्थातुं न योद्धुं शस्त्रपीडितः ॥३१॥

31. rāvaṇastu samāsādya vasvādityamarudgaṇān ,
na śaśāka raṇe sthātuṃ na yoddhuṃ śastrapīḍitaḥ.

31. rāvaṇaḥ tu samāsādya vasvādityamarudgaṇān na
śaśāka raṇe sthātum na yoddhum śastrapīḍitaḥ

31. But Ravana, having faced the groups of Vasus, Adityas, and Maruts, and afflicted by their weapons, was unable to stand or fight in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having met, having attacked

• वस्वादित्यमरुद्गणान् (vasvādityamarudgaṇān) - the groups of Vasus, Adityas, and Maruts

• न (na) - not

• शशाक (śaśāka) - he was able

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

• स्थातुम् (sthātum) - to stand, to stay

• न (na) - not

• योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight

• शस्त्रपीडितः (śastrapīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by weapons, tormented by weapons

Words meanings and morphology

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (proper name of the demon king of Lanka)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having met, having attacked

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root √sad (to sit, to reach) with prefixes sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

वस्वादित्यमरुद्गणान् (vasvādityamarudgaṇān) - the groups of Vasus, Adityas, and Maruts

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vasvādityamarudgaṇa

vasvādityamarudgaṇa - the host or groups of Vasus, Adityas, and Maruts (classes of deities)

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (vasu+āditya+marut+gaṇa)

• vasu – Vasu (a class of deities)
  proper noun (masculine)
• āditya – Aditya (a class of solar deities)
  proper noun (masculine)
• marut – Marut (a class of wind deities)
  proper noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, host, troop
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शशाक (śaśāka) - he was able

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of √śak

Perfect 3rd Singular Active

Root: śak (class 5)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war

स्थातुम् (sthātum) - to stand, to stay

(verb)

Infinitive

Root: sthā (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight

(verb)

Infinitive

Root: yudh (class 4)

शस्त्रपीडितः (śastrapīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by weapons, tormented by weapons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śastrapīḍita

śastrapīḍita - afflicted by weapons, wounded by weapons

Past Passive Participle

Compound (Tatpurusha) formed from śastra (weapon) and pīḍita (afflicted, past participle of √pīḍ)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śastra+pīḍita)

• śastra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
• pīḍita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √pīḍ (to oppress, torment)
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)