वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-29, verse-3

तस्मिंस्तु तमसा नद्धे सर्वे ते देवराक्षसाः ।
अन्योन्यं नाभ्यजानन्त युध्यमानाः परस्परम् ॥३॥

3. tasmiṃstu tamasā naddhe sarve te devarākṣasāḥ ,
anyonyaṃ nābhyajānanta yudhyamānāḥ parasparam.

3. tasmin tu tamasā naddhe sarve te devarākṣasāḥ
anyonyam na abhyajānanta yudhyamānāḥ parasparam

3. tasmin tu tamasā naddhe sarve te devarākṣasāḥ
yudhyamānāḥ parasparam anyonyam na abhyajānanta

3. When it was enveloped by darkness, all those gods and rākṣasas, fighting, could not recognize one another.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (situation/battlefield) (in that, when that)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness

• नद्धे (naddhe) - when the battlefield was enveloped (by darkness) (when enveloped, covered)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• ते (te) - those

• देवराक्षसाः (devarākṣasāḥ) - gods and rākṣasas (demons)

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, one another

• न (na) - not

• अभ्यजानन्त (abhyajānanta) - they did not recognize

• युध्यमानाः (yudhyamānāḥ) - fighting, while fighting

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (situation/battlefield) (in that, when that)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the battlefield/situation.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance

नद्धे (naddhe) - when the battlefield was enveloped (by darkness) (when enveloped, covered)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of naddha

naddha - bound, tied, wrapped, enveloped

Past Passive Participle

from root `nah` (to bind) with suffix `kta`

Root: nah (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `tasmin`.

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with `devarākṣasāḥ`

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with `devarākṣasāḥ`

देवराक्षसाः (devarākṣasāḥ) - gods and rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of devarākṣasa

devarākṣasa - gods and demons (rākṣasas)

Compound type : dvandva (deva+rākṣasa)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• rākṣasa – demon, goblin, evil spirit
  noun (masculine)

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, one another

(pronoun)

Accusative of anyonya

anyonya - each other, one another, mutual

Note: Functions as the object of recognition.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अभ्यजानन्त (abhyajānanta) - they did not recognize

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhijñā

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Root `jñā` with prefix `abhi`. Form for 3rd person plural past imperfect active.

युध्यमानाः (yudhyamānāḥ) - fighting, while fighting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, battling

Present Middle Participle

from root `yudh` (to fight) with suffix `śānac`

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `devarākṣasāḥ`

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative of paraspara

paraspara - mutual, reciprocal, each other

Note: Used adverbially to specify the reciprocity of fighting.