वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-29, verse-11

तस्य तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा तुरगान् स मनोजवान् ।
आदिदेशाथ शत्रूणां मध्येनैव च सारथिः ॥११॥

11. tasya tadvacanaṃ śrutvā turagān sa manojavān ,
ādideśātha śatrūṇāṃ madhyenaiva ca sārathiḥ.

11. tasya tat vacanam śrutvā turagān sa manojavān
ādideśa atha śatrūṇām madhyena eva ca sārathiḥ

11. sa sārathiḥ tasya tat vacanam śrutvā atha
manojavān turagān śatrūṇām madhyena eva ca ādideśa

11. Having heard his words, that charioteer then indeed commanded the mind-swift horses to proceed directly into the midst of the enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to words) (that)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तुरगान् (turagān) - horses

• स (sa) - the charioteer (he)

• मनोजवान् (manojavān) - mind-swift, swift as thought

• आदिदेश (ādideśa) - he commanded, he directed

• अथ (atha) - then, thereafter

• शत्रूणाम् (śatrūṇām) - of the enemies

• मध्येन (madhyena) - through the middle, into the midst

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• च (ca) - and, also, indeed

• सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तत् (tat) - that (referring to words) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, word, speech, saying

Derived from √vac with suffix -ana

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from √śru with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: It's an indeclinable participle, hence no gender/number/case.

तुरगान् (turagān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of turaga

turaga - horse, one that goes quickly

Compound: tura + ga (goer)

स (sa) - the charioteer (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: This is 'saḥ' with visarga elided before a soft consonant.

मनोजवान् (manojavān) - mind-swift, swift as thought

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of manojava

manojava - swift as thought, quick-minded

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manas+java)

• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)
• java – speed, swiftness, quickness
  noun (masculine)
  From √ju
  Root: ju (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'turagān'.

आदिदेश (ādideśa) - he commanded, he directed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) (liṭ) of ā-diś

Prefix: ā

Root: diś (class 6)

अथ (atha) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

शत्रूणाम् (śatrūṇām) - of the enemies

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

मध्येन (madhyena) - through the middle, into the midst

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, central, midst, waist

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Often translated as 'and' but can convey emphasis or 'indeed' in certain contexts.

सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

From sa-ratha (with chariot)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+ratha)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  From √ram or √raṃh
  Root: ram (class 1)

Previous Verse Next Verse