वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-23, verse-46

आगतस्तु पथा येन तेनैव विनिवृत्य सः ।
लङ्कामभिमुखो रक्षो नभस्तलगतो ययौ ॥४६॥

46. āgatastu pathā yena tenaiva vinivṛtya saḥ ,
laṅkāmabhimukho rakṣo nabhastalagato yayau.

46. āgataḥ tu pathā yena tena eva vinivṛtya saḥ |
laṅkām abhimukhaḥ rakṣaḥ nabhastalagataḥ yayau

46. But that rākṣasa, having come by a certain path, returned by that very path, and facing Laṅkā, he went, moving through the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - having come (come, arrived)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• पथा (pathā) - by the path (by the path, on the road)

• येन (yena) - by which (path) (by which, by whom)

• तेन (tena) - by that (path) (by that, by him)

• एव (eva) - very (same path) (indeed, very, only)

• विनिवृत्य (vinivṛtya) - having returned (having returned, having turned back)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the rākṣasa) (he, that)

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - towards Laṅkā (Laṅkā (city name))

• अभिमुखः (abhimukhaḥ) - facing (Laṅkā) (facing, turned towards)

• रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - the rākṣasa (rākṣasa, demon)

• नभस्तलगतः (nabhastalagataḥ) - moving through the sky (moving through the sky, situated in the sky)

• ययौ (yayau) - he went

Words meanings and morphology

आगतः (āgataḥ) - having come (come, arrived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, returned

past passive participle

Derived from √gam (to go) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' and 'rakṣaḥ'.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

पथा (pathā) - by the path (by the path, on the road)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way

येन (yena) - by which (path) (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun agreeing with 'pathā'.

तेन (tena) - by that (path) (by that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yena', refers to 'pathā'.

एव (eva) - very (same path) (indeed, very, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

विनिवृत्य (vinivṛtya) - having returned (having returned, having turned back)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from √vṛt (to turn) with prefixes vi- and ni-

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (the rākṣasa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the sentence.

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - towards Laṅkā (Laṅkā (city name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Laṅkā (name of a city, usually Ravana's capital)

Note: Directional accusative, object of 'abhimukhaḥ'.

अभिमुखः (abhimukhaḥ) - facing (Laṅkā) (facing, turned towards)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing, turned towards, confronting

Compound: abhi- + mukha (face)

Compound type : tatpurusha (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, facing, against
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'rakṣaḥ'.

रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - the rākṣasa (rākṣasa, demon)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, evil spirit, rākṣasa

Note: The word is 'rakṣas' in nominative singular, common variant for 'rākṣasa'.

नभस्तलगतः (nabhastalagataḥ) - moving through the sky (moving through the sky, situated in the sky)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nabhastalagata

nabhastalagata - moving through the sky, situated on the surface of the sky

past passive participle

Compound: nabhas (sky) + tala (surface) + gata (gone/moving)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nabhas+tala+gata)

• nabhas – sky, atmosphere
  noun (neuter)
• tala – surface, plane, bottom
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, departed, moving, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Derived from √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rakṣaḥ'.

ययौ (yayau) - he went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.