वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-23, verse-28

महीतलगतास्ते तु रावणं दृश्य पुष्पके ।
आकाशमाशु विविशुः स्यन्दनैः शीघ्रगामिभिः ॥२८॥

28. mahītalagatāste tu rāvaṇaṃ dṛśya puṣpake ,
ākāśamāśu viviśuḥ syandanaiḥ śīghragāmibhiḥ.

28. mahītala-gatāḥ te tu rāvaṇam dṛśya puṣpake
ākāśam āśu viviśuḥ syandanaiḥ śīghragāmibhiḥ

28. mahītalagatāḥ te tu puṣpake rāvaṇam dṛśya
śīghragāmibhiḥ syandanaiḥ āśu ākāśam viviśuḥ

28. But those who were on the surface of the earth, having seen Ravana in the Puṣpaka (vimana), quickly entered the sky with their swiftly moving chariots.

Words meanings summery:

• महीतल-गताः (mahītala-gatāḥ) - the warriors who were on the ground (those who had gone to the surface of the earth; those situated on the earth's surface)

• ते (te) - they (referring to the warriors) (they, those)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Ravana (Ravana (accusative))

• दृश्य (dṛśya) - having seen

• पुष्पके (puṣpake) - in the Puṣpaka (vimana, Ravana's aerial chariot) (in the Puṣpaka (vimana))

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - the sky (the sky, space)

• आशु (āśu) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

• विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they entered

• स्यन्दनैः (syandanaiḥ) - with their chariots (with chariots)

• शीघ्रगामिभिः (śīghragāmibhiḥ) - with swiftly moving (chariots) (with swiftly moving ones, with those that go quickly)

Words meanings and morphology

महीतल-गताः (mahītala-gatāḥ) - the warriors who were on the ground (those who had gone to the surface of the earth; those situated on the earth's surface)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahītala-gata

mahītala-gata - gone to the surface of the earth, situated on the earth's surface

Past Passive Participle (implied from -gata)

Compound of mahītala (earth's surface) and gata (gone), often treated as a compound adjective.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (mahītala+gata)

• mahītala – surface of the earth, ground
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of mahī (earth) and tala (surface).
• gata – gone, arrived, reached, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √gam (to go).
  Root: √gam (class 1)

ते (te) - they (referring to the warriors) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, they

Note: masculine nominative plural of tad

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Ravana (Ravana (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (name of the demon king)

दृश्य (dṛśya) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from √dṛś (to see), with suffix -ya. In epic Sanskrit, often used as an absolutive form.

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

पुष्पके (puṣpake) - in the Puṣpaka (vimana, Ravana's aerial chariot) (in the Puṣpaka (vimana))

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of puṣpaka

puṣpaka - Pushpaka (the celestial chariot of Kubera, later used by Ravana), flowery

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - the sky (the sky, space)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, space, ether

Prefix: ā

Root: √kāś (class 1)

आशु (āśu) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Can be an adjective or adverb. Here used as an adverb.

विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they entered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Perfect (Lit) of √viś

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root √viś (class 6, viśati, viśate). Here, reduplicated perfect form with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: √viś (class 6)

स्यन्दनैः (syandanaiḥ) - with their chariots (with chariots)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of syandana

syandana - chariot, flowing, moving

Derived from √syand (to flow, to run).

Root: √syand (class 1)

शीघ्रगामिभिः (śīghragāmibhiḥ) - with swiftly moving (chariots) (with swiftly moving ones, with those that go quickly)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śīghragāmin

śīghragāmin - swift-moving, fast-going

Compound of śīghra (swift) and gāmin (going).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śīghra+gāmin)

• śīghra – swift, quick, speedy
  adjective (neuter)
• gāmin – going, moving, reaching
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from √gam
  Derived from √gam (to go) with suffix -in.
  Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying syandanaiḥ.

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