वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-23, verse-37

ततः क्रुद्धो दशग्रीवः कालाग्निरिव विष्ठितः ।
शरवर्षं महावेगं तेषां मर्मस्वपातयत् ॥३७॥

37. tataḥ kruddho daśagrīvaḥ kālāgniriva viṣṭhitaḥ ,
śaravarṣaṃ mahāvegaṃ teṣāṃ marmasvapātayat.

37. tataḥ kruddhaḥ daśagrīvaḥ kālāgniḥ iva viṣṭhitaḥ
śaravarṣam mahāvegam teṣām marmasu apātayat

37. tataḥ kruddhaḥ daśagrīvaḥ kālāgniḥ iva viṣṭhitaḥ
teṣām marmasu mahāvegam śaravarṣam apātayat

37. Then, the enraged Daśagrīva (Ravana), appearing like the fire of ultimate dissolution, discharged a swift shower of arrows into their vital spots.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (enraged, angry, furious)

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Ravana) (Daśagrīva (Ravana), ten-necked one)

• कालाग्निः (kālāgniḥ) - the fire of ultimate dissolution (referring to the end of the cosmic cycle) (the fire of destruction, fire of time)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• विष्ठितः (viṣṭhitaḥ) - appeared (like) (situated, standing, appeared, existing)

• शरवर्षम् (śaravarṣam) - a shower of arrows (shower of arrows, rain of arrows)

• महावेगम् (mahāvegam) - swift (referring to the shower of arrows) (great speed, very swift, highly impetuous)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (referring to the warriors) (of them, their)

• मर्मसु (marmasu) - in vital spots (in vital spots, in vulnerable points)

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - he discharged (arrows) (he caused to fall, he discharged, he threw)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (enraged, angry, furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root √krudh (4th class, P-type) meaning "to be angry", formed with the suffix -ta.

Root: krudh (class 4)

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Ravana) (Daśagrīva (Ravana), ten-necked one)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - Daśagrīva (lit. "ten-necked"), an epithet of Ravana

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daśa+grīva)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• grīva – neck
  noun (masculine)

कालाग्निः (kālāgniḥ) - the fire of ultimate dissolution (referring to the end of the cosmic cycle) (the fire of destruction, fire of time)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kālāgni

kālāgni - fire of destruction, cosmic fire at the end of an era

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+agni)

• kāla – time, death, black
  noun (masculine)
• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

विष्ठितः (viṣṭhitaḥ) - appeared (like) (situated, standing, appeared, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣṭhita

viṣṭhita - situated, standing, established, appeared

Past Passive Participle

From root √sthā with prefix vi- and suffix -ta, with change of dental to retroflex 'ṣ' due to 'ṣ' in 'viṣ'. Also a nominal derivative from √viś.

Prefix: vi

Root: sthā (class 1)

शरवर्षम् (śaravarṣam) - a shower of arrows (shower of arrows, rain of arrows)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows, rain of arrows

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ (class 1)
• varṣa – rain, shower, year
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

महावेगम् (mahāvegam) - swift (referring to the shower of arrows) (great speed, very swift, highly impetuous)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahāvega

mahāvega - great speed, rapid motion, very swift

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahā+vega)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• vega – speed, impulse, force
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij (class 1)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (referring to the warriors) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मर्मसु (marmasu) - in vital spots (in vital spots, in vulnerable points)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of marman

marman - vital spot, vulnerable point, joint

अपातयत् (apātayat) - he discharged (arrows) (he caused to fall, he discharged, he threw)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect (causative)

Imperfect 3rd person singular, causative stem from root √pat (1st class, P-type).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Causative form of √pat 'to fall' meaning 'to cause to fall'.