वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-23, verse-34

ते तु तेषां रथाः साश्वाः सह सारथिभिर्वरैः ।
महोदरेण निहताः पतिताः पृथिवीतले ॥३४॥

34. te tu teṣāṃ rathāḥ sāśvāḥ saha sārathibhirvaraiḥ ,
mahodareṇa nihatāḥ patitāḥ pṛthivītale.

34. te tu teṣām rathāḥ sa-aśvāḥ saha sārathibhiḥ
varaiḥ mahodareṇa nihatāḥ patitāḥ pṛthivītale

34. te tu teṣām rathāḥ sa-aśvāḥ saha varaiḥ
sārathibhiḥ mahodareṇa nihatāḥ patitāḥ pṛthivītale

34. But their chariots, along with their horses and excellent charioteers, were struck down by Mahodara and fell to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the sons of Varuṇa (of them, their)

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

• स-अश्वाः (sa-aśvāḥ) - with horses, along with their horses

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• सारथिभिः (sārathibhiḥ) - by charioteers, with charioteers

• वरैः (varaiḥ) - by excellent (charioteers) (by excellent, by best)

• महोदरेण (mahodareṇa) - by Mahodara

• निहताः (nihatāḥ) - struck down, killed, destroyed

• पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fallen, descended

• पृथिवीतले (pṛthivītale) - on the surface of the earth, on the ground

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the chariots.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the sons of Varuṇa (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the owners of the chariots.

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

स-अश्वाः (sa-aśvāḥ) - with horses, along with their horses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāśva

sāśva - with horses

Compound formed from 'sa' (with) and 'aśva' (horse).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+aśva)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating accompaniment.
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'rathāḥ'.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition.

सारथिभिः (sārathibhiḥ) - by charioteers, with charioteers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Note: Governed by 'saha'.

वरैः (varaiḥ) - by excellent (charioteers) (by excellent, by best)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vara

vara - excellent, best, noble; boon, choice

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'sārathibhiḥ'.

महोदरेण (mahodareṇa) - by Mahodara

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahodara

mahodara - Mahodara (a proper name, lit. 'big-bellied')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+udara)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• udara – belly, abdomen
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent of the action.

निहताः (nihatāḥ) - struck down, killed, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - struck down, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rathāḥ'.

पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fallen, descended

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patita

patita - fallen, descended, outcast

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rathāḥ'.

पृथिवीतले (pṛthivītale) - on the surface of the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pṛthivītala

pṛthivītala - surface of the earth, ground

Compound formed from 'pṛthivī' (earth) and 'tala' (surface).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+tala)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, ground
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative of place.