वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-23, verse-12

ततो ऽग्निसाक्षिकं सख्यं कृतवांस्तत्र रावणः ।
निवातकवचैः सार्धं प्रीतिमानभवत्तदा ॥१२॥

12. tato'gnisākṣikaṃ sakhyaṃ kṛtavāṃstatra rāvaṇaḥ ,
nivātakavacaiḥ sārdhaṃ prītimānabhavattadā.

12. tataḥ agnisākṣikam sakhyam kṛtavān tatra rāvaṇaḥ
nivātakavacaiḥ sārdham prītimān abhavat tadā

12. tataḥ rāvaṇaḥ tatra agnisākṣikam nivātakavacaiḥ
sārdham sakhyam kṛtavān tadā prītimān abhavat

12. Then, Rāvaṇa established a friendship with the Nivātakavacas there, with fire as witness. At that time, he became very pleased with them.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereupon, from there)

• अग्निसाक्षिकम् (agnisākṣikam) - with fire as witness (having fire as witness, witnessed by fire)

• सख्यम् (sakhyam) - friendship (friendship, alliance)

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he established (he did, he made, he performed)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (referring to the Nivātakavaca city) (there, in that place)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

• निवातकवचैः (nivātakavacaiḥ) - with the Nivātakavacas (a powerful demon tribe) (by the Nivātakavacas, with the Nivātakavacas)

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with (together with, along with)

• प्रीतिमान् (prītimān) - pleased (delighted, having joy, pleased)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he became, he was)

• तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereupon, from there)

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative ending used adverbially

अग्निसाक्षिकम् (agnisākṣikam) - with fire as witness (having fire as witness, witnessed by fire)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of agnisākṣika

agnisākṣika - having fire as witness

Compound type : bahuvrihi (agni+sākṣin)

• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)
• sākṣin – witness, spectator
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'sakhyam'

सख्यम् (sakhyam) - friendship (friendship, alliance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sakhya

sakhya - friendship, alliance

Derived from sakhi (friend)

Note: Object of 'kṛtavān'

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he established (he did, he made, he performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - one who has done/made/performed

Past Active Participle

Root kṛ (to do) + suffix -tavat

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as main verb here for the subject Rāvaṇa

तत्र (tatra) - there (referring to the Nivātakavaca city) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (king of Laṅkā)

Note: Subject of 'kṛtavān'

निवातकवचैः (nivātakavacaiḥ) - with the Nivātakavacas (a powerful demon tribe) (by the Nivātakavacas, with the Nivātakavacas)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nivātakavaca

nivātakavaca - Nivātakavaca (a class of powerful demons)

Compound: nivāta (impenetrable, windless) + kavaca (armor)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nivāta+kavaca)

• nivāta – windless, impenetrable
  adjective (masculine)
• kavaca – armor, mail
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used with 'sārdham'

सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with (together with, along with)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial particle

प्रीतिमान् (prītimān) - pleased (delighted, having joy, pleased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prītimat

prītimat - having joy, delighted, pleased

Derived from prīti (joy, pleasure) + matup suffix

Note: Predicate adjective for Rāvaṇa

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he became, he was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

Root bhū (to be) in imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time