वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-23, verse-44

तत् किं तव वृथा वीर परिश्राम्य गते नृपे ।
ये तु संनिहिता वीराः कुमारास्ते पराजिताः ॥४४॥

44. tat kiṃ tava vṛthā vīra pariśrāmya gate nṛpe ,
ye tu saṃnihitā vīrāḥ kumārāste parājitāḥ.

44. tat kim tava vṛthā vīra pariśrāmya gate nṛpe
| ye tu saṃnihitā vīrāḥ kumārāḥ te parājitāḥ

44. Then why, O hero, do you exert yourself in vain now that the king has departed? Indeed, those valiant princes who were present have already been defeated.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - then, therefore (that, therefore, then)

• किम् (kim) - why? (what?, why?, whether)

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain (in vain, uselessly)

• वीर (vīra) - O hero (O hero, valiant one)

• परिश्राम्य (pariśrāmya) - having exerted yourself (having exerted oneself, having become weary)

• गते (gate) - when (he) has departed (having gone, departed, reached (locative singular of past passive participle))

• नृपे (nṛpe) - when the king (has departed) (in the king, to the king, when the king)

• ये (ye) - those (princes) who (those who, which (masculine plural nominative))

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• संनिहिताः (saṁnihitāḥ) - present (here) (present, near, existing)

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - valiant (princes) (heroes, valiant ones)

• कुमाराः (kumārāḥ) - princes (princes, youths)

• ते (te) - they (those princes) (they, those (masculine plural nominative))

• पराजिताः (parājitāḥ) - have been defeated (defeated, conquered)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - then, therefore (that, therefore, then)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Often used adverbially for 'then, therefore'.

किम् (kim) - why? (what?, why?, whether)

(indeclinable)

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain (in vain, uselessly)

(indeclinable)

वीर (vīra) - O hero (O hero, valiant one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave

परिश्राम्य (pariśrāmya) - having exerted yourself (having exerted oneself, having become weary)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from √śram (to be weary) with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: śram (class 4)

गते (gate) - when (he) has departed (having gone, departed, reached (locative singular of past passive participle))

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached

past passive participle

Derived from √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'nṛpe'.

नृपे (nṛpe) - when the king (has departed) (in the king, to the king, when the king)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Literally 'protector of men', nṛ-pa.

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'gate'.

ये (ye) - those (princes) who (those who, which (masculine plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

संनिहिताः (saṁnihitāḥ) - present (here) (present, near, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃnihita

saṁnihita - placed near, present, prepared

past passive participle

Derived from √dhā (to place) with prefixes sam- and ni-

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'vīrāḥ kumārāḥ'.

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - valiant (princes) (heroes, valiant ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave

Note: Agrees with 'kumārāḥ'.

कुमाराः (kumārāḥ) - princes (princes, youths)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kumāra

kumāra - boy, youth, prince, son

Note: Subject of the clause.

ते (te) - they (those princes) (they, those (masculine plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'kumārāḥ'.

पराजिताः (parājitāḥ) - have been defeated (defeated, conquered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parājita

parājita - defeated, overcome

past passive participle

Derived from √ji (to conquer) with prefix parā-

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'kumārāḥ'.