वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-23, verse-32

तेन तेषां हया ये च कामगाः पवनोपमाः ।
महोदरेण गदया हतास्ते प्रययुः क्षितिम् ॥३२॥

32. tena teṣāṃ hayā ye ca kāmagāḥ pavanopamāḥ ,
mahodareṇa gadayā hatāste prayayuḥ kṣitim.

32. tena teṣām hayāḥ ye ca kāmagāḥ pavanopamāḥ
mahodareṇa gadayā hatāḥ te prayayuḥ kṣitim

32. mahodareṇa gadayā teṣām ye ca kāmagāḥ
pavanopamāḥ hayāḥ te hatāḥ kṣitim prayayuḥ

32. Mahodara struck down with his mace those horses of theirs, which moved at will and were swift as the wind, causing them to fall to the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by Mahodara (by him, by that)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the enemies (of them, their)

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• ये (ye) - which (horses) (which, who)

• च (ca) - and, also

• कामगाः (kāmagāḥ) - moving at will, going where desired

• पवनोपमाः (pavanopamāḥ) - like the wind, swift as wind

• महोदरेण (mahodareṇa) - by Mahodara

• गदया (gadayā) - with a mace

• हताः (hatāḥ) - struck down (struck, killed, smitten)

• ते (te) - those horses (they)

• प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - they fell (they went, they departed, they fell)

• क्षितिम् (kṣitim) - to the earth, ground

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by Mahodara (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Mahodara from previous context.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the enemies (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the enemies mentioned in the preceding verses.

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

ये (ye) - which (horses) (which, who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'hayāḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

कामगाः (kāmagāḥ) - moving at will, going where desired

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāmagā

kāmagā - moving at will, going where desired

Compound formed from 'kāma' (desire) and 'ga' (going).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (kāma+ga)

• kāma – desire, wish
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'gam' (to go) with suffix 'ḍa'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'hayāḥ'.

पवनोपमाः (pavanopamāḥ) - like the wind, swift as wind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pavanopama

pavanopama - like the wind, swift as wind

Compound formed from 'pavana' (wind) and 'upama' (likeness).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (pavana+upama)

• pavana – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• upama – likeness, comparison, simile
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'hayāḥ'.

महोदरेण (mahodareṇa) - by Mahodara

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahodara

mahodara - Mahodara (a proper name, lit. 'big-bellied')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+udara)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• udara – belly, abdomen
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent of the action.

गदया (gadayā) - with a mace

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

Note: Instrument of the action.

हताः (hatāḥ) - struck down (struck, killed, smitten)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - struck, killed, smitten, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'hayāḥ' and 'te'.

ते (te) - those horses (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the horses, subject of 'prayayuḥ'.

प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - they fell (they went, they departed, they fell)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of yā

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: From root 'yā' with preverb 'pra'.

क्षितिम् (kṣitim) - to the earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṣiti

kṣiti - earth, ground, dwelling

Note: Object of motion.