वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-23, verse-19

यां ब्रुवन्ति नरा लोके सुरभिं नाम नामतः ।
प्रदक्षिणं तु तां कृत्वा रावणः परमाद्भुताम् ।
प्रविवेश महाघोरं गुप्तं बहुविधैर्बलैः ॥१९॥

19. yāṃ bruvanti narā loke surabhiṃ nāma nāmataḥ ,
pradakṣiṇaṃ tu tāṃ kṛtvā rāvaṇaḥ paramādbhutām ,
praviveśa mahāghoraṃ guptaṃ bahuvidhairbalaiḥ.

19. yām bruvanti narāḥ loke surabhim
nāma nāmataḥ pradakṣiṇam tu tām kṛtvā
rāvaṇaḥ paramādbhutām praviveśa
mahāghoram guptam bahuvidhaiḥ balaiḥ

19. narāḥ loke yām surabhim nāma
nāmataḥ bruvanti tu rāvaṇaḥ tām
paramādbhutām kṛtvā mahāghoram
guptam bahuvidhaiḥ balaiḥ praviveśa

19. Whom people in the world call Surabhi by name. Having indeed circumambulated that most wonderful being, Ravana then entered (the abode) which was exceedingly formidable and guarded by various kinds of forces.

Words meanings summery:

• याम् (yām) - whom, which

• ब्रुवन्ति (bruvanti) - they call, they say, they speak

• नराः (narāḥ) - men, people

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• सुरभिम् (surabhim) - the cow Surabhi (fragrant; the cow Surabhi)

• नाम (nāma) - named, by name, indeed

• नामतः (nāmataḥ) - by name, by appellation

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation, auspicious clockwise turn

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• ताम् (tām) - her, that

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

• परमाद्भुताम् (paramādbhutām) - referring to Surabhi (most wonderful, extremely amazing)

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - he entered

• महाघोरम् (mahāghoram) - referring to the abode (exceedingly dreadful, formidable, terrible)

• गुप्तम् (guptam) - guarded, protected, hidden

• बहुविधैः (bahuvidhaiḥ) - by many kinds of, of various types

• बलैः (balaiḥ) - by forces, by armies, by strengths

Words meanings and morphology

याम् (yām) - whom, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

ब्रुवन्ति (bruvanti) - they call, they say, they speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

नराः (narāḥ) - men, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

सुरभिम् (surabhim) - the cow Surabhi (fragrant; the cow Surabhi)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of surabhi

surabhi - fragrant; the mythical cow of plenty

नाम (nāma) - named, by name, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate 'named' or 'by name'

नामतः (nāmataḥ) - by name, by appellation

(indeclinable)

derived from nāman with the suffix -tas

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation, auspicious clockwise turn

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - circumambulation, going around keeping the right side towards the object of reverence

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - her, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it (demonstrative pronoun)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

formed from root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (the king of Lanka, antagonist in Ramayana)

परमाद्भुताम् (paramādbhutām) - referring to Surabhi (most wonderful, extremely amazing)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of paramādbhuta

paramādbhuta - most wonderful, extremely amazing, supremely miraculous

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+adbhuta)

• parama – supreme, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)
• adbhuta – wonderful, astonishing, miraculous
  adjective (neuter)

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - he entered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of praviveś

root viś with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

महाघोरम् (mahāghoram) - referring to the abode (exceedingly dreadful, formidable, terrible)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahāghora

mahāghora - exceedingly terrible/dreadful, very formidable

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ghora)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• ghora – dreadful, terrible, formidable
  adjective (masculine)

गुप्तम् (guptam) - guarded, protected, hidden

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gupta

gupta - guarded, protected, hidden, secret

Past Passive Participle

formed from root gup (to protect, hide)

Root: gup (class 1)

बहुविधैः (bahuvidhaiḥ) - by many kinds of, of various types

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahuvidha

bahuvidha - of many kinds, manifold, various

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bahu+vidha)

• bahu – many, much, abundant
  adjective (masculine)
• vidha – kind, sort, type, manner
  noun (masculine)

बलैः (balaiḥ) - by forces, by armies, by strengths

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army