वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-67, verse-12

जाज्वल्यमानो वपुषा तपनीयपरिच्छदः ।
शरैश्चन्द्रार्धचन्द्रैश्च स रथः समलंकृतः ॥१२॥

12. jājvalyamāno vapuṣā tapanīyaparicchadaḥ ,
śaraiścandrārdhacandraiśca sa rathaḥ samalaṃkṛtaḥ.

12. jājvalyamānaḥ vapuṣā tapanīyaparicchadaḥ śaraiḥ
ca candrārdhacandraiḥ ca saḥ rathaḥ samalaṅkṛtaḥ

12. That chariot, shining brilliantly with its golden coverings, was well-adorned with crescent-shaped arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• जाज्वल्यमानः (jājvalyamānaḥ) - shining brightly, blazing, intensely radiant

• वपुषा (vapuṣā) - with its brilliant appearance (by the body, by the form, with the appearance)

• तपनीयपरिच्छदः (tapanīyaparicchadaḥ) - adorned with gold, having golden coverings

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

• च (ca) - and, also

• चन्द्रार्धचन्द्रैः (candrārdhacandraiḥ) - referring to arrows shaped like crescent moons (with crescent moons, with half-moon shapes)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सः (saḥ) - that (chariot) (that, he)

• रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot

• समलङ्कृतः (samalaṅkṛtaḥ) - well-decorated, adorned, embellished

Words meanings and morphology

जाज्वल्यमानः (jājvalyamānaḥ) - shining brightly, blazing, intensely radiant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jājvalyamāna

jājvalyamāna - shining brightly, blazing, intensely radiant

Present Active Participle (intensive form)

Derived from the intensive (yaṅ) form of the root √jval (to burn, shine), with the suffix -śānac (māna).

Root: jval (class 1)

वपुषा (vapuṣā) - with its brilliant appearance (by the body, by the form, with the appearance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vapus

vapus - body, form, appearance, figure, beauty

तपनीयपरिच्छदः (tapanīyaparicchadaḥ) - adorned with gold, having golden coverings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapanīyaparicchada

tapanīyaparicchada - adorned with gold, having golden coverings

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapanīya+paricchada)

• tapanīya – golden, made of gold
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive/Kṛtya
  Derived from root √tap (to heat, shine) with suffix -anīya, here signifying material.
  Root: tap (class 1)
• paricchada – covering, garment, adornment, equipment
  noun (masculine)
  From pari- + √chad (to cover).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: chad (class 1)

Note: Adjective describing rathaḥ.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Root: śṛ

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

चन्द्रार्धचन्द्रैः (candrārdhacandraiḥ) - referring to arrows shaped like crescent moons (with crescent moons, with half-moon shapes)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of candrārdhacandra

candrārdhacandra - crescent-shaped, half-moon shaped (used for arrows)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (candra+ardha+candra)

• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
• ardha – half, part
  noun (neuter)
• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agreement with śaraiḥ.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that (chariot) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to rathaḥ.

रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From √ram (to delight) or √ṛ (to go).

Root: ram/ṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

समलङ्कृतः (samalaṅkṛtaḥ) - well-decorated, adorned, embellished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samalaṅkṛta

samalaṅkṛta - well-decorated, adorned, embellished

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sam- + prefix alam- + root √kṛ (to do, make). Literally "well-made/adorned".

Prefixes: sam+alam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agreement with rathaḥ.

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