वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-18, verse-31

गोलाङ्गूलं महावेगं गवाक्षं नाम यूथपम् ।
परिवार्याभिवर्तन्ते लङ्कां मर्दितुमोजसा ॥३१॥

31. golāṅgūlaṃ mahāvegaṃ gavākṣaṃ nāma yūthapam ,
parivāryābhivartante laṅkāṃ marditumojasā.

31. golāṅgūlam mahāvegam gavākṣam nāma yūthapam
parivārya abhivartante laṅkām marditum ojasā

31. parivārya nāma gavākṣam mahāvegam golāṅgūlam
yūthapam ojasā laṅkām marditum abhivartante

31. Having surrounded the chieftain named Gavākṣa, who is a swift and mighty langur, they advance to destroy Laṅkā with their strength.

Words meanings summery:

• गोलाङ्गूलम् (golāṅgūlam) - [who is] a langur (referring to Gavākṣa) (langur)

• महावेगम् (mahāvegam) - of great speed [in movement] (of great speed, very swift)

• गवाक्षम् (gavākṣam) - Gavākṣa [proper name of a chieftain] (window, name of a monkey chief)

• नाम (nāma) - named (by name, indeed, specifically)

• यूथपम् (yūthapam) - chieftain [of monkeys] (chieftain, leader of a troop)

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded [Gavākṣa] (having surrounded, having encompassed)

• अभिवर्तन्ते (abhivartante) - they advance [towards Lanka] (they approach, they advance, they surround)

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - the city of Laṅkā (Lanka (name of an island city))

• मर्दितुम् (marditum) - to destroy [the city] (to crush, to destroy, to oppress)

• ओजसा (ojasā) - with their might (with strength, with might, by force)

Words meanings and morphology

गोलाङ्गूलम् (golāṅgūlam) - [who is] a langur (referring to Gavākṣa) (langur)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of golāṅgūla

golāṅgūla - a large black-faced monkey, langur

From 'gola' (round) and 'lāṅgūla' (tail)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (gola+lāṅgūla)

• gola – ball, globe
  noun (masculine)
• lāṅgūla – tail
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'Gavākṣaṃ'

महावेगम् (mahāvegam) - of great speed [in movement] (of great speed, very swift)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāvega

mahāvega - of great speed, very swift

From 'mahā' (great) and 'vega' (speed)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+vega)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
  Shortened form of 'mahat' in compounds
• vega – speed, velocity, force
  noun (masculine)
  From √vij (to move quickly)
  Root: √vij (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'Gavākṣaṃ'

गवाक्षम् (gavākṣam) - Gavākṣa [proper name of a chieftain] (window, name of a monkey chief)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gavākṣa

gavākṣa - window, bull's eye, name of a monkey chief

From 'go' (cow, bull) and 'akṣa' (eye). Literally 'bull-eyed' or a specific type of window. Here, a proper noun

Note: Object of 'parivārya'

नाम (nāma) - named (by name, indeed, specifically)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to specify a name

यूथपम् (yūthapam) - chieftain [of monkeys] (chieftain, leader of a troop)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yūthapa

yūthapa - leader of a troop, herd, flock

From 'yūtha' (troop) and 'pa' (protector)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – troop, herd, multitude
  noun (neuter)
• pa – protector, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From √pā (to protect)
  Root: √pā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'Gavākṣaṃ'

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded [Gavākṣa] (having surrounded, having encompassed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with prefix

From 'pari' + √vṛ + -ya (form of ktvā for prefixed verbs)

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Action performed by the implied plural subject

अभिवर्तन्ते (abhivartante) - they advance [towards Lanka] (they approach, they advance, they surround)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of √vṛt

From 'abhi' + √vṛt

Prefix: abhi

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The main verb of the sentence

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - the city of Laṅkā (Lanka (name of an island city))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Lanka, the name of Ravana's city/island

Note: Object of the infinitive 'marditum'

मर्दितुम् (marditum) - to destroy [the city] (to crush, to destroy, to oppress)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed from √mṛd + -tum suffix

Root: mṛd (class 7)

Note: Indicates the purpose of their advance

ओजसा (ojasā) - with their might (with strength, with might, by force)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ojas

ojas - strength, vigor, power, energy

Note: Describes the manner of destruction