वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-18, verse-20

येन युद्धं तदा दत्तं रणे शक्रस्य धीमता ।
पराजयश्च न प्राप्तः सो ऽयं यूथपयूथपः ।
यस्य विक्रममाणस्य शक्रस्येव पराक्रमः ॥२०॥

20. yena yuddhaṃ tadā dattaṃ raṇe śakrasya dhīmatā ,
parājayaśca na prāptaḥ so'yaṃ yūthapayūthapaḥ ,
yasya vikramamāṇasya śakrasyeva parākramaḥ.

20. yena yuddham tadā dattam raṇe śakrasya
dhīmatā parājayaḥ ca na prāptaḥ
saḥ ayam yūthapayūthapaḥ yasya
vikramamāṇasya śakrasya iva parākramaḥ

20. saḥ ayam dhīmatā yūthapayūthapaḥ yena
śakrasya raṇe yuddham tadā dattam
ca parājayaḥ na prāptaḥ yasya
vikramamāṇasya parākramaḥ śakrasya iva

20. This intelligent leader of leaders is he by whom battle was offered to Śakra (Indra) in combat, and who never experienced defeat. His valor, when he exerts himself, is like that of Śakra.

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, combat, fight

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• दत्तम् (dattam) - given, offered, presented

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Śakra, of Indra

• धीमता (dhīmatā) - by the intelligent one, by the wise one

• पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - defeat, discomfiture

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not, no

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained, gained, suffered

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• यूथपयूथपः (yūthapayūthapaḥ) - leader of leaders, chief of troops

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• विक्रममाणस्य (vikramamāṇasya) - of him who is exerting himself, of him who is showing valor

• शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Śakra, of Indra

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• पराक्रमः (parākramaḥ) - valor, prowess, might

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who

Note: Refers to the yūthapapūthapa.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, combat, fight

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

From root yudh- 'to fight'

Root: yudh (class 4)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

दत्तम् (dattam) - given, offered, presented

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, offered

Past Passive Participle

From root dā- 'to give'

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies yuddham.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

Root: raṇ (class 1)

शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Śakra, of Indra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra, powerful one

Note: The opponent in battle.

धीमता (dhīmatā) - by the intelligent one, by the wise one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, clever

From dhī 'intellect' + matup suffix

Note: Refers to the yūthapapūthapa.

पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - defeat, discomfiture

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parājaya

parājaya - defeat, discomfiture

From prefix parā- and root ji- 'to conquer'

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of the negative clause.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates prāptaḥ.

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained, gained, suffered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, gained

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pra- and root āp- 'to obtain'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies parājayaḥ.

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the monkey general.

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

यूथपयूथपः (yūthapayūthapaḥ) - leader of leaders, chief of troops

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yūthapayūthapa

yūthapayūthapa - leader of leaders, chief of troops/hordes

Compound type : tatpurusha (yūthapa+yūthapa)

• yūthapa – leader of a troop, chief of a company
  noun (masculine)
• yūthapa – leader of a troop, chief of a company
  noun (masculine)

Note: The main subject.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who

Note: Refers to the yūthapapūthapa.

विक्रममाणस्य (vikramamāṇasya) - of him who is exerting himself, of him who is showing valor

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vikramamāṇa

vikramamāṇa - exerting oneself, showing valor, displaying might

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

From prefix vi- and root kram- 'to step, to exert'

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implicit subject (yūthapapūthapa).

शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Śakra, of Indra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra, powerful one

Note: Used for comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

पराक्रमः (parākramaḥ) - valor, prowess, might

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parākrama

parākrama - valor, prowess, might, courage

From prefix parā- and root kram- 'to step, to exert'

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.