वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-18, verse-23

विहारसुखदो नित्यं भ्रातुस्ते राक्षसाधिप ।
तत्रैष वसति श्रीमान्बलवान् वानरर्षभः ।
युद्धेष्वकत्थनो नित्यं क्रथनो नाम यूथपः ॥२३॥

23. vihārasukhado nityaṃ bhrātuste rākṣasādhipa ,
tatraiṣa vasati śrīmānbalavān vānararṣabhaḥ ,
yuddheṣvakatthano nityaṃ krathano nāma yūthapaḥ.

23. vihārasukhadaḥ nityam bhrātuḥ te
rākṣasādhipa tatra eṣaḥ vasati śrīmān
balavān vānararṣabhaḥ yuddheṣu
akatthanaḥ nityam krathanaḥ nāma yūthapaḥ

23. rākṣasādhipa te bhrātuḥ nityam vihārasukhadaḥ.
tatra eṣaḥ śrīmān balavān vānararṣabhaḥ krathanaḥ nāma yūthapaḥ nityam yuddheṣu akatthanaḥ vasati.

23. O king of Rākṣasas, this place constantly provides pleasure for your brother. There lives this glorious, powerful chief of monkeys, a troop leader named Krathana, who is never boastful in battles.

Words meanings summery:

• विहारसुखदः (vihārasukhadaḥ) - providing pleasure (providing joy for recreation, giving pleasure for enjoyment)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of the brother

• ते (te) - your, of you

• राक्षसाधिप (rākṣasādhipa) - O king of Rākṣasas (O lord of Rākṣasas)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (one), he

• वसति (vasati) - dwells, lives, resides

• श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, prosperous, splendid

• बलवान् (balavān) - powerful, strong

• वानरर्षभः (vānararṣabhaḥ) - chief of monkeys, excellent monkey

• युद्धेषु (yuddheṣu) - in battles, in fights

• अकत्थनः (akatthanaḥ) - never boastful (not boastful, humble)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always

• क्रथनः (krathanaḥ) - Krathana (proper name)

• नाम (nāma) - by name, named

• यूथपः (yūthapaḥ) - troop leader, chief of a company

Words meanings and morphology

विहारसुखदः (vihārasukhadaḥ) - providing pleasure (providing joy for recreation, giving pleasure for enjoyment)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihārasukhada

vihārasukhada - providing joy for recreation, giving pleasure for enjoyment

Compound of vihāra (recreation) + sukha (pleasure) + da (giving)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vihāra+sukha+da)

• vihāra – recreation, amusement, strolling
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, granting, bestowing
  adjective
  From root dā- 'to give'
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies the implicit subject (Jambū from previous verse).

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of the brother

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Refers to the brother of the rākṣasādhipa.

ते (te) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive pronoun.

राक्षसाधिप (rākṣasādhipa) - O king of Rākṣasas (O lord of Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rākṣasādhipa

rākṣasādhipa - lord of Rākṣasas, chief of demons

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasa+adhipa)

• rākṣasa – Rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing Ravana (implied).

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the previously mentioned Jambū mountain.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (one), he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Krathana.

वसति (vasati) - dwells, lives, resides

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vas

Root: vas (class 1)

श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, prosperous, splendid

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīmat

śrīmat - glorious, prosperous, splendid, fortunate

From śrī (glory, prosperity) + matup suffix

Note: Qualifies vānararṣabhaḥ.

बलवान् (balavān) - powerful, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - powerful, strong, mighty

From bala (strength) + matup suffix

Note: Qualifies vānararṣabhaḥ.

वानरर्षभः (vānararṣabhaḥ) - chief of monkeys, excellent monkey

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānararṣabha

vānararṣabha - chief of monkeys, excellent monkey

Compound type : tatpurusha (vānara+ṛṣabha)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; best, excellent, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of vasati.

युद्धेषु (yuddheṣu) - in battles, in fights

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

From root yudh- 'to fight'

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Context for akatthanaḥ.

अकत्थनः (akatthanaḥ) - never boastful (not boastful, humble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akatthana

akatthana - not boastful, unboasting, humble

Negative prefix a- + katthana (boasting, from root katth- 'to boast')

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+katthana)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• katthana – boasting, vaunting
  adjective (masculine)
  From root katth- 'to boast'
  Root: katth (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Krathana.

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

क्रथनः (krathanaḥ) - Krathana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krathana

krathana - Krathana (a proper name, particularly of a monkey general)

Note: The name of the monkey general.

नाम (nāma) - by name, named

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to introduce a name.

यूथपः (yūthapaḥ) - troop leader, chief of a company

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yūthapa

yūthapa - leader of a troop, chief of a company/horde

Compound type : tatpurusha (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – troop, herd, flock, company
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian, drinking
  adjective
  From root pā- 'to protect'
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Apposition to Krathana.