वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-18, verse-30

एते ऽसितमुखा घोरा गोलाङ्गूला महाबलाः ।
शतं शतसहस्राणि दृष्ट्वा वै सेतुबन्धनम् ॥३०॥

30. ete'sitamukhā ghorā golāṅgūlā mahābalāḥ ,
śataṃ śatasahasrāṇi dṛṣṭvā vai setubandhanam.

30. ete asitamukhāḥ ghorāḥ golāṅgūlāḥ mahābalāḥ
śatam śatasahasrāṇi dṛṣṭvā vai setubandhanam

30. ete asitamukhāḥ ghorāḥ mahābalāḥ golāṅgūlāḥ
śatam śatasahasrāṇi vai setubandhanam dṛṣṭvā

30. These black-faced, formidable, greatly powerful langurs, numbering a hundred hundreds of thousands, have indeed seen the construction of the bridge.

Words meanings summery:

• एते (ete) - these [langurs] (these)

• असितमुखाः (asitamukhāḥ) - black-faced [referring to the langurs] (black-faced)

• घोराः (ghorāḥ) - formidable [in appearance and strength] (formidable, terrible, dreadful)

• गोलाङ्गूलाः (golāṅgūlāḥ) - langurs [as a specific troop of monkeys] (langurs, a species of large monkey)

• महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - greatly powerful [in strength for battle] (greatly powerful, mighty)

• शतम् (śatam) - a hundred [as a multiplier] (a hundred)

• शतसहस्राणि (śatasahasrāṇi) - hundreds of thousands [of langurs] (hundreds of thousands)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen [with their own eyes] (having seen)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, certainly)

• सेतुबन्धनम् (setubandhanam) - the construction of the bridge [to Lanka] (bridge construction, damming)

Words meanings and morphology

एते (ete) - these [langurs] (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to the langurs

असितमुखाः (asitamukhāḥ) - black-faced [referring to the langurs] (black-faced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asitamukha

asitamukha - black-faced, dark-faced

From 'asita' (black) and 'mukha' (face)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (asita+mukha)

• asita – black, dark
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Often means 'black' or 'dark blue'
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'golāṅgūlāḥ'

घोराः (ghorāḥ) - formidable [in appearance and strength] (formidable, terrible, dreadful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, formidable, awful

Note: Qualifies 'golāṅgūlāḥ'

गोलाङ्गूलाः (golāṅgūlāḥ) - langurs [as a specific troop of monkeys] (langurs, a species of large monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of golāṅgūla

golāṅgūla - a large black-faced monkey, langur

From 'gola' (round/ball) and 'lāṅgūla' (tail). Perhaps referring to a coiled tail or their round faces. Sometimes considered a type of monkey called 'langur'. Also spelled 'golāṅgula'

Compound type : karmadhāraya (gola+lāṅgūla)

• gola – ball, globe
  noun (masculine)
• lāṅgūla – tail
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the sentence

महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - greatly powerful [in strength for battle] (greatly powerful, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - greatly powerful, mighty

From 'mahā' (great) and 'bala' (strength)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
  Shortened form of 'mahat' in compounds
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'golāṅgūlāḥ'

शतम् (śatam) - a hundred [as a multiplier] (a hundred)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śata

śata - a hundred

Note: Forms part of the large number

शतसहस्राणि (śatasahasrāṇi) - hundreds of thousands [of langurs] (hundreds of thousands)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of śatasahasra

śatasahasra - a hundred thousand

From 'śata' (hundred) and 'sahasra' (thousand)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śata+sahasra)

• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies the number of langurs

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen [with their own eyes] (having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √dṛś + -tvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Connects the act of seeing the bridge to subsequent action (implied in the next verse)

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis

सेतुबन्धनम् (setubandhanam) - the construction of the bridge [to Lanka] (bridge construction, damming)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of setubandhana

setubandhana - the construction of a bridge, building a dam

From 'setu' (bridge) and 'bandhana' (binding, construction)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (setu+bandhana)

• setu – bridge, causeway, dam
  noun (masculine)
  From √si (to bind)
• bandhana – binding, tying, bond
  noun (neuter)
  From √bandh (to bind)
  Root: √bandh (class 9)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'