वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-18, verse-10

ऋक्षवन्तं गिरिश्रेष्ठमध्यास्ते नर्मदां पिबन् ।
सर्वर्क्षाणामधिपतिर्धूम्रो नामैष यूथपः ॥१०॥

10. ṛkṣavantaṃ giriśreṣṭhamadhyāste narmadāṃ piban ,
sarvarkṣāṇāmadhipatirdhūmro nāmaiṣa yūthapaḥ.

10. ṛkṣavantam giriśreṣṭham adhyāste narmadām piban
sarvaṛkṣāṇām adhipatiḥ dhūmraḥ nāma eṣaḥ yūthapaḥ

10. eṣaḥ dhūmraḥ nāma yūthapaḥ sarvaṛkṣāṇām adhipatiḥ
(san) ṛkṣavantam giriśreṣṭham narmadām piban adhyāste

10. This troop-leader (yūthapa), named Dhūmra, the chief of all bears, dwells upon the Ṛkṣavat, the best of mountains, (as if) drinking from the Narmada river.

Words meanings summery:

• ऋक्षवन्तम् (ṛkṣavantam) - The mountain named Ṛkṣavat, the abode of this bear leader. (the Ṛkṣavat mountain)

• गिरिश्रेष्ठम् (giriśreṣṭham) - qualifying Ṛkṣavat as the most excellent mountain. (best of mountains)

• अध्यास्ते (adhyāste) - The chief bear resides on the mountain. (he dwells, he presides over, he occupies)

• नर्मदाम् (narmadām) - The Narmada river, from which the bear drinks. (Narmada (river))

• पिबन् (piban) - The chief bear drinks from the Narmada river. Used here metaphorically as "drawing sustenance from" or "being near enough to drink from". (drinking)

• सर्वऋक्षाणाम् (sarvaṛkṣāṇām) - of all bears

• अधिपतिः (adhipatiḥ) - The leader of all bears. (chief, lord, master)

• धूम्रः (dhūmraḥ) - The specific name of the chief bear. (Dhūmra (name))

• नाम (nāma) - introduces the name "Dhūmra" (by name, named)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - Refers to Dhūmra, the subject of the sentence. (this one)

• यूथपः (yūthapaḥ) - The leader of the bear troop. (leader of a troop, chief of a herd)

Words meanings and morphology

ऋक्षवन्तम् (ṛkṣavantam) - The mountain named Ṛkṣavat, the abode of this bear leader. (the Ṛkṣavat mountain)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛkṣavat

ṛkṣavat - named Ṛkṣavat (a mountain range in central India, literally 'having bears')

Possessive suffix `vat` from `ṛkṣa` (bear).

गिरिश्रेष्ठम् (giriśreṣṭham) - qualifying Ṛkṣavat as the most excellent mountain. (best of mountains)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of giriśreṣṭha

giriśreṣṭha - best of mountains, chief mountain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (giri+śreṣṭha)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent).

Note: Adjective for `ṛkṣavantam`.

अध्यास्ते (adhyāste) - The chief bear resides on the mountain. (he dwells, he presides over, he occupies)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of adhyās

present

From root ās (class 2, ātmanepada) with prefix adhi-.

Prefix: adhi

Root: ās (class 2)

नर्मदाम् (narmadām) - The Narmada river, from which the bear drinks. (Narmada (river))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of narmadā

narmadā - Narmada (a sacred river in India, literally 'giver of pleasure')

पिबन् (piban) - The chief bear drinks from the Narmada river. Used here metaphorically as "drawing sustenance from" or "being near enough to drink from". (drinking)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pibat

pibat - drinking

Present Active Participle

From root pā (to drink).

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Participle acting as an adjective/adverb describing the subject of `adhyāste`.

सर्वऋक्षाणाम् (sarvaṛkṣāṇām) - of all bears

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvaṛkṣa

sarvaṛkṣa - all bears, all ṛkṣas

Compound of `sarva` and `ṛkṣa`.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+ṛkṣa)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• ṛkṣa – bear
  noun (masculine)

अधिपतिः (adhipatiḥ) - The leader of all bears. (chief, lord, master)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhipati

adhipati - chief, lord, ruler, master

From `adhi` (over) + `pati` (master).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhi+pati)

• adhi – over, above, upon, chief
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

धूम्रः (dhūmraḥ) - The specific name of the chief bear. (Dhūmra (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhūmra

dhūmra - smoky-colored, grey; name of a bear chief

नाम (nāma) - introduces the name "Dhūmra" (by name, named)

(indeclinable)

Often used as an adverb to introduce a name.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - Refers to Dhūmra, the subject of the sentence. (this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

यूथपः (yūthapaḥ) - The leader of the bear troop. (leader of a troop, chief of a herd)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yūthapa

yūthapa - leader of a troop/herd/multitude, chief

Compound of `yūtha` (troop) + `pa` (protector/leader).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – herd, troop, multitude
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• pa – protector, guardian, keeper, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)