वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-18, verse-28

एनं शतसहस्राणां सहस्रमभिवर्तते ।
एष दुर्मर्षणो राजन्प्रमाथी नाम यूथपः ॥२८॥

28. enaṃ śatasahasrāṇāṃ sahasramabhivartate ,
eṣa durmarṣaṇo rājanpramāthī nāma yūthapaḥ.

28. enam śatasahasrāṇām sahasram abhivartate
eṣa durmarṣaṇaḥ rājan pramāthī nāma yūthapaḥ

28. rājan eṣa nāma pramāthī yūthapaḥ durmarṣaṇaḥ
enam śatasahasrāṇām sahasram abhivartate

28. O King, a thousand hundreds of thousands [of warriors] surround this one. This chieftain, named Pramāthī, is difficult to endure.

Words meanings summery:

• एनम् (enam) - this chieftain Pramāthī (him, this one)

• शतसहस्राणाम् (śatasahasrāṇām) - of hundreds of thousands [of warriors] (of hundreds of thousands)

• सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand [units, multiplying the previous term] (a thousand)

• अभिवर्तते (abhivartate) - surrounds [him with warriors] (approaches, surrounds, assails)

• एष (eṣa) - this [chieftain] (this)

• दुर्मर्षणः (durmarṣaṇaḥ) - formidable [in battle] (difficult to endure, irresistible, formidable)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King [vocative address] (O king)

• प्रमाथी (pramāthī) - Pramāthī [proper name] (the tormentor, subduer, churner)

• नाम (nāma) - named (by name, indeed, specifically)

• यूथपः (yūthapaḥ) - chieftain [of monkeys] (leader of a troop/herd, chieftain)

Words meanings and morphology

एनम् (enam) - this chieftain Pramāthī (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Forms of 'idam' can be tricky; 'enam' is accusative masculine/neuter singular

शतसहस्राणाम् (śatasahasrāṇām) - of hundreds of thousands [of warriors] (of hundreds of thousands)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of śatasahasra

śatasahasra - a hundred thousand

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śata+sahasra)

• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used here in the sense of 'of multitudes' or 'of a large number'

सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand [units, multiplying the previous term] (a thousand)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sahasra

sahasra - thousand

Note: It's nominative singular, indicating the subject 'a thousand' which multiplies the 'hundreds of thousands'

अभिवर्तते (abhivartate) - surrounds [him with warriors] (approaches, surrounds, assails)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √vṛt

Prefix: abhi

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'abhi' gives the sense of approaching or surrounding from all sides

एष (eṣa) - this [chieftain] (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

दुर्मर्षणः (durmarṣaṇaḥ) - formidable [in battle] (difficult to endure, irresistible, formidable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmarṣaṇa

durmarṣaṇa - difficult to bear, hard to overcome, irresistible

From 'dur' (difficult) and 'marṣaṇa' (enduring/bearing)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (dur+marṣaṇa)

• dur – difficult, bad
  indeclinable
• marṣaṇa – enduring, bearing, forgiving
  noun (neuter)
  From √mṛṣ (to bear, endure)
  Root: √mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: It qualifies 'yūthapaḥ'

राजन् (rājan) - O King [vocative address] (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

प्रमाथी (pramāthī) - Pramāthī [proper name] (the tormentor, subduer, churner)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pramāthin

pramāthin - a crusher, a tormentor, a violent person

From 'pra' + √math (to churn, disturb, injure)

Prefix: pra

Root: √math (class 1)

Note: It is a proper name here, often indicating a quality

नाम (nāma) - named (by name, indeed, specifically)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to specify a name

यूथपः (yūthapaḥ) - chieftain [of monkeys] (leader of a troop/herd, chieftain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yūthapa

yūthapa - leader of a troop, herd, flock

From 'yūtha' (troop, herd) and 'pa' (protector, ruler)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – troop, herd, multitude
  noun (neuter)
• pa – protector, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From √pā (to protect)
  Root: √pā (class 2)