वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-18, verse-1

तांस्तु ते ऽहं प्रवक्ष्यामि प्रेक्षमाणस्य यूथपान् ।
राघवार्थे पराक्रान्ता ये न रक्षन्ति जीवितम् ॥१॥

1. tāṃstu te'haṃ pravakṣyāmi prekṣamāṇasya yūthapān ,
rāghavārthe parākrāntā ye na rakṣanti jīvitam.

1. tān tu te aham pravakṣyāmi prekṣamāṇasya yūthapān
rāghavārthe parākrāntāḥ ye na rakṣanti jīvitam

1. aham tu te tān yūthapān pravakṣyāmi prekṣamāṇasya
rāghavārthe ye parākrāntāḥ jīvitam na rakṣanti

1. Indeed, I will tell you about those valorous troop leaders, while you are observing, who do not protect their lives for the sake of Rāghava (Rāma).

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• ते (te) - to you, for you

• अहम् (aham) - I

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will declare, I will tell

• प्रेक्षमाणस्य (prekṣamāṇasya) - of one observing, while observing

• यूथपान् (yūthapān) - the troop leaders (accusative)

• राघवार्थे (rāghavārthe) - for the sake of Rāghava (Rāma)

• पराक्रान्ताः (parākrāntāḥ) - mighty, valorous, powerful

• ये (ye) - who (relative pronoun)

• न (na) - not

• रक्षन्ति (rakṣanti) - they protect, they guard, they care for

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Object of `pravakṣyāmi`, referring to `yūthapān`.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Note: Can also be genitive 'of you', but dative 'to you' fits the context of 'I will tell to you'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Subject of `pravakṣyāmi`.

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will declare, I will tell

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of pravac

Future tense of vac (to speak) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Future tense verb.

प्रेक्षमाणस्य (prekṣamāṇasya) - of one observing, while observing

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prekṣamāṇa

prekṣamāṇa - observing, looking on

Present Middle Participle

From pra (prefix) + īkṣ (root) + śānac (middle participle suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions as a genitive absolute, indicating simultaneous action. It refers to the addressee ('you').

यूथपान् (yūthapān) - the troop leaders (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yūthapa

yūthapa - leader of a herd/troop/horde, commander

From yūtha (group, herd) + pa (protector, keeper)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – herd, troop, group, multitude
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, keeper, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect, to guard)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Direct object of `pravakṣyāmi`.

राघवार्थे (rāghavārthe) - for the sake of Rāghava (Rāma)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rāghavārtha

rāghavārtha - for Rāghava's sake

From rāghava (Rāma) + artha (purpose, sake)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāghava+artha)

• rāghava – descendant of Raghu, an epithet of Rāma
  proper noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, sake, meaning
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates purpose.

पराक्रान्ताः (parākrāntāḥ) - mighty, valorous, powerful

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parākrānta

parākrānta - powerful, valorous, mighty, courageous

Past Passive Participle

From parā (prefix) + kram (root) + kta (past passive participle suffix)

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Adjective qualifying `ye`.

ये (ye) - who (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to `yūthapān`.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

रक्षन्ति (rakṣanti) - they protect, they guard, they care for

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (lat) of rakṣ

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Plural verb, negated by `na`.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root jīv (to live) + kta (suffix)

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Direct object of `rakṣanti`.