वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-13, verse-51

दुष्करं कुरुते रामो य इमां मत्तकाशिनीम् ।
सीतां विना महाबाहुर्मुहूर्तमपि जीवति ॥५१॥

51. duṣkaraṃ kurute rāmo ya imāṃ mattakāśinīm ,
sītāṃ vinā mahābāhurmuhūrtamapi jīvati.

51. duṣkaram kurute rāmaḥ yaḥ imām mattakāśinīm
sītām vinā mahābāhuḥ muhūrtam api jīvati

51. duṣkaram kurute rāmaḥ yaḥ imām mattakāśinīm
sītām vinā mahābāhuḥ muhūrtam api jīvati

51. Rama performs a difficult feat, for he, the mighty-armed one, lives even for a moment without this enchanting Sita.

Words meanings summery:

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - a difficult feat (difficult, hard to do, arduous task)

• कुरुते (kurute) - does, performs, makes

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to Rama) (who, which, that (masculine))

• इमाम् (imām) - this (Sita) (this (feminine))

• मत्तकाशिनीम् (mattakāśinīm) - captivating (Sita) (shining like one intoxicated, charming, captivating)

• सीताम् (sītām) - Sita

• विना (vinā) - without, except for

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - the mighty-armed one (Rama) (mighty-armed, strong-armed, powerful)

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - a moment, for a moment, an instant

• अपि (api) - even, also, too, although

• जीवति (jīvati) - lives, exists, survives

Words meanings and morphology

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - a difficult feat (difficult, hard to do, arduous task)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, arduous, troublesome

कुरुते (kurute) - does, performs, makes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a Hindu deity and the hero of the Ramayana)

यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to Rama) (who, which, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

इमाम् (imām) - this (Sita) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

मत्तकाशिनीम् (mattakāśinīm) - captivating (Sita) (shining like one intoxicated, charming, captivating)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mattakāśinī

mattakāśinī - shining like one intoxicated, charming, captivating, radiant with joy

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (matta+kāśinī)

• matta – intoxicated, excited, proud, charming
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root mad (to be glad, to be intoxicated).
  Root: mad (class 4)
• kāśinī – shining, bright, radiant
  adjective (feminine)
  Present Active Participle (feminine)
  Derived from root kāś (to shine).
  Root: kāś (class 1)

सीताम् (sītām) - Sita

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita (wife of Rama, daughter of Janaka)

विना (vinā) - without, except for

(indeclinable)

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - the mighty-armed one (Rama) (mighty-armed, strong-armed, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, having strong arms, powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• bāhu – arm, fore-arm
  noun (masculine)

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - a moment, for a moment, an instant

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, a short time, an instant

अपि (api) - even, also, too, although

(indeclinable)

जीवति (jīvati) - lives, exists, survives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

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