वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-13, verse-18

ततो मलिनसंवीतां राक्षसीभिः समावृताम् ।
उपवासकृशां दीनां निःश्वसान्तीं पुनः पुनः ।
ददर्श शुक्लपक्षादौ चन्द्ररेखामिवामलाम् ॥१८॥

18. tato malinasaṃvītāṃ rākṣasībhiḥ samāvṛtām ,
upavāsakṛśāṃ dīnāṃ niḥśvasāntīṃ punaḥ punaḥ ,
dadarśa śuklapakṣādau candrarekhāmivāmalām.

18. tataḥ malinasaṃvītām rākṣasībhiḥ
samāvṛtām upavāsakṛśām dīnām
niḥśvasāntīm punaḥ punaḥ dadarśa
śuklapakṣādau candra-rekhām iva amalām

18. tataḥ dadarśa malinasaṃvītām rākṣasībhiḥ samāvṛtām upavāsakṛśām dīnām niḥśvasāntīm punaḥ punaḥ,
śuklapakṣādau amalām candra-rekhām iva

18. Then he saw her, dressed in soiled garments, surrounded by female demons, emaciated from fasting, miserable, and sighing again and again, like a spotless crescent moon at the beginning of the bright fortnight.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, afterwards

• मलिनसंवीताम् (malinasaṁvītām) - Sita, clothed in soiled garments (clothed in soiled garments, covered with dirt)

• राक्षसीभिः (rākṣasībhiḥ) - by female demons, by demonesses

• समावृताम् (samāvṛtām) - Sita, surrounded by (demons) (surrounded, covered)

• उपवासकृशाम् (upavāsakṛśām) - Sita, emaciated from fasting (emaciated from fasting)

• दीनाम् (dīnām) - Sita, miserable (miserable, distressed, sad)

• निःश्वसान्तीम् (niḥśvasāntīm) - Sita, sighing repeatedly (sighing, breathing out)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - Hanuman saw (he saw, beheld)

• शुक्लपक्षादौ (śuklapakṣādau) - at the beginning of the bright fortnight

• चन्द्र-रेखाम् (candra-rekhām) - crescent moon, line of the moon

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अमलाम् (amalām) - a spotless crescent moon (spotless, pure, clean)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, afterwards

(indeclinable)

मलिनसंवीताम् (malinasaṁvītām) - Sita, clothed in soiled garments (clothed in soiled garments, covered with dirt)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of malinasaṃvīta

malinasaṁvīta - clothed in soiled garments, covered with dirt

Compound of malina (soiled) and saṃvīta (clothed)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (malina+saṃvīta)

• malina – dirty, soiled, impure
  adjective (neuter)
• saṃvīta – covered, clothed, surrounded
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix sam- + root vī (to cover, weave)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vī (class 2)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'her' (Sita)

राक्षसीभिः (rākṣasībhiḥ) - by female demons, by demonesses

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of rākṣasī

rākṣasī - female demon, demoness

समावृताम् (samāvṛtām) - Sita, surrounded by (demons) (surrounded, covered)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samāvṛta

samāvṛta - surrounded, covered, enveloped

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sam- + ā- + root vṛ (to cover)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'her' (Sita)

उपवासकृशाम् (upavāsakṛśām) - Sita, emaciated from fasting (emaciated from fasting)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upavāsakṛśa

upavāsakṛśa - emaciated due to fasting

Compound of upavāsa (fasting) and kṛśa (emaciated)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upavāsa+kṛśa)

• upavāsa – fasting, abstinence from food
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix upa- + root vas (to dwell, stay) or verbal noun from upa-vas (to fast)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: vas (class 1)
• kṛśa – thin, emaciated, weak
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'her' (Sita)

दीनाम् (dīnām) - Sita, miserable (miserable, distressed, sad)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, distressed, sad, humble

Note: Qualifies an implied 'her' (Sita)

निःश्वसान्तीम् (niḥśvasāntīm) - Sita, sighing repeatedly (sighing, breathing out)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niḥśvasat

niḥśvasat - sighing, exhaling

Present Active Participle

From prefix niḥ- + root śvas (to breathe).

Prefix: niḥ

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'her' (Sita)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition emphasizes continuous action

ददर्श (dadarśa) - Hanuman saw (he saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect Active Third Person Singular

Root reduplication for perfect tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The subject is implied (Hanuman)

शुक्लपक्षादौ (śuklapakṣādau) - at the beginning of the bright fortnight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śuklapakṣādi

śuklapakṣādi - beginning of the bright fortnight (waxing moon period)

Compound of śuklapakṣa (bright fortnight) and ādi (beginning)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śuklapakṣa+ādi)

• śuklapakṣa – bright fortnight (waxing moon period)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of śukla (bright, white) and pakṣa (fortnight)
• ādi – beginning, first, etc.
  noun (masculine)

चन्द्र-रेखाम् (candra-rekhām) - crescent moon, line of the moon

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of candrarekhā

candrarekhā - moon-line, crescent moon, sliver of the moon

Compound of candra (moon) and rekhā (line)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (candra+rekhā)

• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
• rekhā – line, streak, streak of light
  noun (feminine)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अमलाम् (amalām) - a spotless crescent moon (spotless, pure, clean)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of amala

amala - spotless, pure, clean, stainless

Negation (a-) of mala (dirt, impurity)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+mala)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• mala – dirt, impurity, stain
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'candrarekhām'

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