वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-13, verse-20

पीतेनैकेन संवीतां क्लिष्टेनोत्तमवाससा ।
सपङ्कामनलंकारां विपद्मामिव पद्मिनीम् ॥२०॥

20. pītenaikena saṃvītāṃ kliṣṭenottamavāsasā ,
sapaṅkāmanalaṃkārāṃ vipadmāmiva padminīm.

20. pītena ekena saṃvītām kliṣṭena uttamavāsasā
sapaṅkām analaṅkārām vipadmām iva padminīm

20. saṃvītām pītena ekena kliṣṭena uttamavāsasā,
sapaṅkām analaṅkārām,
padminīm vipadmām iva

20. She was covered by a single, worn-out, once-fine yellow garment, stained with mud, and without ornaments, like a lotus plant deprived of its lotus flowers.

Words meanings summery:

• पीतेन (pītena) - by the yellow (garment) (by yellow, by drunk, by imbibed)

• एकेन (ekena) - by a single (garment) (by one, by a single)

• संवीताम् (saṁvītām) - Sita, covered by (garment) (covered, clothed, enveloped)

• क्लिष्टेन (kliṣṭena) - by the worn-out (garment) (by worn-out, by distressed, by tormented)

• उत्तमवाससा (uttamavāsasā) - by a once-fine garment (by a fine garment, by excellent clothing)

• सपङ्काम् (sapaṅkām) - Sita, stained with mud (figuratively, or literally from her conditions) (stained with mud, with mud)

• अनलङ्काराम् (analaṅkārām) - Sita, without ornaments (without ornaments, unadorned)

• विपद्माम् (vipadmām) - a lotus plant without its flowers (deprived of lotuses, without lotuses)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• पद्मिनीम् (padminīm) - lotus plant/bed, group of lotuses

Words meanings and morphology

पीतेन (pītena) - by the yellow (garment) (by yellow, by drunk, by imbibed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pīta

pīta - yellow, pale; drunk, imbibed (Past Passive Participle of pā, to drink)

Here, used as an adjective meaning 'yellow' in reference to color.

Note: Qualifies 'vāsasā'

एकेन (ekena) - by a single (garment) (by one, by a single)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of eka

eka - one, a single, unique

Note: Qualifies 'vāsasā'

संवीताम् (saṁvītām) - Sita, covered by (garment) (covered, clothed, enveloped)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saṃvīta

saṁvīta - covered, clothed, surrounded

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sam- + root vī (to cover, weave)

Prefix: sam

Root: vī (class 2)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'her' (Sita)

क्लिष्टेन (kliṣṭena) - by the worn-out (garment) (by worn-out, by distressed, by tormented)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kliṣṭa

kliṣṭa - distressed, afflicted, worn, soiled, faded

Past Passive Participle

From root kliś (to suffer, vex, weary)

Root: kliś (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'vāsasā'

उत्तमवाससा (uttamavāsasā) - by a once-fine garment (by a fine garment, by excellent clothing)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of uttamavāsas

uttamavāsas - excellent garment, best clothing

Compound of uttama (best, excellent) and vāsas (garment, cloth)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (uttama+vāsas)

• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (neuter)
• vāsas – garment, cloth, apparel
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vas (class 2)

सपङ्काम् (sapaṅkām) - Sita, stained with mud (figuratively, or literally from her conditions) (stained with mud, with mud)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sapaṅka

sapaṅka - with mud, muddy, stained with mud

Compound: sa- (with) + paṅka (mud)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+paṅka)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix for 'with'
• paṅka – mud, mire, dirt, sin
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'her' (Sita)

अनलङ्काराम् (analaṅkārām) - Sita, without ornaments (without ornaments, unadorned)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of analaṅkāra

analaṅkāra - without ornaments, unadorned

Negative compound: an- (not) + alaṅkāra (ornament)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (an+alaṅkāra)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• alaṅkāra – ornament, decoration, embellishment
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'her' (Sita)

विपद्माम् (vipadmām) - a lotus plant without its flowers (deprived of lotuses, without lotuses)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vipadma

vipadma - without lotuses, deprived of lotuses

Compound: vi- (privative prefix, meaning 'without') + padma (lotus)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+padma)

• vi – apart, without, dis-
  indeclinable
  Privative prefix
• padma – lotus, lotus flower
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'padminīm'

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

पद्मिनीम् (padminīm) - lotus plant/bed, group of lotuses

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of padminī

padminī - a lotus plant, a lotus bed, a collection of lotuses

From padma (lotus) + -inī suffix

Note: Object of comparison

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