वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-13, verse-25

तां समीक्ष्य विशालाक्षीमधिकं मलिनां कृशाम् ।
तर्कयामास सीतेति कारणैरुपपादिभिः ॥२५॥

25. tāṃ samīkṣya viśālākṣīmadhikaṃ malināṃ kṛśām ,
tarkayāmāsa sīteti kāraṇairupapādibhiḥ.

25. tām samīkṣya viśālākṣīm adhikam malinām kṛśām
tarkayāmāsa sītā iti kāraṇaiḥ upapādibhiḥ

25. (Hanumān) tām viśālākṣīm adhikam malinām kṛśām samīkṣya,
upapādibhiḥ kāraṇaiḥ,
sītā iti tarkayāmāsa

25. Observing her, the wide-eyed one, greatly soiled and emaciated, he inferred, "This is Sītā," based on convincing reasons.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - referring to the woman being observed, Sītā (her, that (feminine))

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - Hanumān carefully observing Sītā (having seen, having observed, observing)

• विशालाक्षीम् (viśālākṣīm) - Sītā, known for her beautiful, wide eyes, despite her current plight (wide-eyed, large-eyed)

• अधिकम् (adhikam) - emphasizing the extent of her dirtiness and emaciation (exceedingly, greatly, very much)

• मलिनाम् (malinām) - Sītā, unwashed and neglected due to her captivity (dirty, soiled, stained)

• कृशाम् (kṛśām) - Sītā, physically weak from starvation and suffering (thin, emaciated, weak)

• तर्कयामास (tarkayāmāsa) - Hanumān's process of deduction to identify Sītā (he inferred, he surmised, he conjectured)

• सीता (sītā) - the specific name of Rama's wife (Sītā (proper noun))

• इति (iti) - introducing the direct speech or thought of Hanumān (thus, so (quotation marker))

• कारणैः (kāraṇaiḥ) - based on various pieces of evidence and logical deductions (by reasons, by causes, by arguments)

• उपपादिभिः (upapādibhiḥ) - by strong and fitting reasons, justifying the inference (by convincing, by suitable, by appropriate (reasons))

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - referring to the woman being observed, Sītā (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tā

tā - that, she

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - Hanumān carefully observing Sītā (having seen, having observed, observing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root īkṣ 'to see' with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

विशालाक्षीम् (viśālākṣīm) - Sītā, known for her beautiful, wide eyes, despite her current plight (wide-eyed, large-eyed)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of viśālākṣī

viśālākṣī - wide-eyed, large-eyed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viśāla+akṣī)

• viśāla – wide, extensive, large
  adjective (masculine)
• akṣī – eye
  noun (feminine)

अधिकम् (adhikam) - emphasizing the extent of her dirtiness and emaciation (exceedingly, greatly, very much)

(indeclinable)

मलिनाम् (malinām) - Sītā, unwashed and neglected due to her captivity (dirty, soiled, stained)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of malinā

malinā - dirty, soiled, stained

कृशाम् (kṛśām) - Sītā, physically weak from starvation and suffering (thin, emaciated, weak)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛśā

kṛśā - emaciated, thin, weak

तर्कयामास (tarkayāmāsa) - Hanumān's process of deduction to identify Sītā (he inferred, he surmised, he conjectured)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of tarkayāmāsa

Periphrastic Perfect

From the causative stem of root tark 'to reason, infer' (tarkaya) with the perfect auxiliary āmāsa

Root: tark (class 10)

सीता (sītā) - the specific name of Rama's wife (Sītā (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā (the daughter of Janaka, wife of Rama)

इति (iti) - introducing the direct speech or thought of Hanumān (thus, so (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

कारणैः (kāraṇaiḥ) - based on various pieces of evidence and logical deductions (by reasons, by causes, by arguments)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - reason, cause, motive

From root kṛ 'to do' + ana

Root: kṛ (class 8)

उपपादिभिः (upapādibhiḥ) - by strong and fitting reasons, justifying the inference (by convincing, by suitable, by appropriate (reasons))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upapādin

upapādin - bringing about, producing, suitable, convincing

From root pad 'to go' with prefix upa, forming 'upapad' (to come near, to be suitable), then -in suffix.

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

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