वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-13, verse-37

दुःखेन बुबुधे सीतां हनुमाननलंकृताम् ।
संस्कारेण यथाहीनां वाचमर्थान्तरं गताम् ॥३७॥

37. duḥkhena bubudhe sītāṃ hanumānanalaṃkṛtām ,
saṃskāreṇa yathāhīnāṃ vācamarthāntaraṃ gatām.

37. duḥkhena bubudhe sītām hanumān analaṅkṛtām
saṃskāreṇa yathā hīnām vācam arthāntaram gatām

37. hanumān analaṅkṛtām sītām duḥkhena bubudhe
yathā saṃskāreṇa hīnām arthāntaram gatām vācam

37. Hanuman recognized the unadorned Sītā with great difficulty, just as one would recognize a statement that, lacking proper grammatical refinement (saṃskāra), has conveyed a distorted meaning.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - with difficulty, painfully, by sorrow

• बुबुधे (bubudhe) - understood, recognized, knew

• सीताम् (sītām) - Sita

• हनुमान् (hanumān) - Hanuman

• अनलङ्कृताम् (analaṅkṛtām) - unadorned, undecorated

• संस्कारेण (saṁskāreṇa) - by proper grammatical formation (saṃskāra) in speech (by refinement, by proper grammatical formation)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as

• हीनाम् (hīnām) - lacking, deficient, deprived of

• वाचम् (vācam) - speech, word, statement

• अर्थान्तरम् (arthāntaram) - a distorted or unclear meaning (another meaning, a different sense)

• गताम् (gatām) - conveyed, resulted in (gone to, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - with difficulty, painfully, by sorrow

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, difficulty, sorrow

बुबुधे (bubudhe) - understood, recognized, knew

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of budh

Perfect, Ātmanepada, 3rd Person, Singular

From root budh. Reduplication for perfect tense.

Root: budh (class 1)

सीताम् (sītām) - Sita

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita (proper name)

हनुमान् (hanumān) - Hanuman

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hanumat

hanumat - Hanuman (proper name)

Noun derived from 'hanu' (jaw).

अनलङ्कृताम् (analaṅkṛtām) - unadorned, undecorated

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of analaṅkṛtā

analaṅkṛtā - unadorned, undecorated (feminine)

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (not) and 'alaṅkṛtā' (adorned).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+alaṅkṛtā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• alaṅkṛtā – adorned, decorated (feminine)
  participle (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Feminine of alaṅkṛta, from root kṛ (to make) with prefix alam-.
  Prefix: alam
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

संस्कारेण (saṁskāreṇa) - by proper grammatical formation (saṃskāra) in speech (by refinement, by proper grammatical formation)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of saṃskāra

saṁskāra - refinement, purification, impression, ritual, grammatical formation (saṃskāra)

From root kṛ (to make) with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as

(indeclinable)

Adverb/particle of comparison.

हीनाम् (hīnām) - lacking, deficient, deprived of

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of hīnā

hīnā - lacking, deficient, deprived of, abandoned (feminine)

Past Passive Participle

Feminine of hīna, from root hā (to abandon, quit).

Root: hā (class 3)

वाचम् (vācam) - speech, word, statement

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

Root noun.

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्थान्तरम् (arthāntaram) - a distorted or unclear meaning (another meaning, a different sense)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of arthāntara

arthāntara - another meaning, a different meaning, a different object/purpose

Compound: artha (meaning) + antara (another).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+antara)

• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• antara – other, different, interior, interval
  adjective/noun (neuter)

गताम् (gatām) - conveyed, resulted in (gone to, reached)

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gatā

gatā - gone, reached, attained (feminine)

Past Passive Participle

Feminine of gata, from root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Formally passive, but often used in an active sense for roots of motion.

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