वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-25, verse-12

पूर्वो ऽयं वार्षिको मासः श्रावणः सलिलागमः ।
प्रवृत्ताः सौम्य चत्वारो मासा वार्षिकसंज्ञिताः ॥१२॥

12. pūrvo'yaṃ vārṣiko māsaḥ śrāvaṇaḥ salilāgamaḥ ,
pravṛttāḥ saumya catvāro māsā vārṣikasaṃjñitāḥ.

12. pūrvaḥ ayam vārṣikaḥ māsaḥ śrāvaṇaḥ salilāgamaḥ |
pravṛttāḥ saumya catvāraḥ māsāḥ vārṣikasaṃjñitāḥ

12. saumya ayam pūrvaḥ vārṣikaḥ māsaḥ śrāvaṇaḥ
salilāgamaḥ catvāraḥ vārṣikasaṃjñitāḥ māsāḥ pravṛttāḥ

12. O gentle one, this month of Shravana, which is the first of the rainy season and marks the arrival of the waters, has now begun. The four months designated as the rainy season have commenced.

Words meanings summery:

• पूर्वः (pūrvaḥ) - first (in sequence, of the rainy season) (first, former, preceding, eastern)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• वार्षिकः (vārṣikaḥ) - of the rainy season (annual, rainy, belonging to the rainy season)

• मासः (māsaḥ) - month

• श्रावणः (śrāvaṇaḥ) - the specific month of Shravana (the month of Shravana)

• सलिलागमः (salilāgamaḥ) - arrival of rains (monsoon) (arrival of waters, monsoon)

• प्रवृत्ताः (pravṛttāḥ) - have commenced (commenced, begun, active)

• सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one (vocative address to Sugriva) (O gentle one, O son of Soma)

• चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

• मासाः (māsāḥ) - months

• वार्षिकसंज्ञिताः (vārṣikasaṁjñitāḥ) - designated as the rainy season (designated as rainy, known as the rainy season)

Words meanings and morphology

पूर्वः (pūrvaḥ) - first (in sequence, of the rainy season) (first, former, preceding, eastern)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrva

pūrva - first, former, preceding, eastern

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Forms of 'idam' in masculine nominative singular.

वार्षिकः (vārṣikaḥ) - of the rainy season (annual, rainy, belonging to the rainy season)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vārṣika

vārṣika - annual, rainy, belonging to the rainy season

Derived from 'varṣā' (rainy season) with the suffix '-ika'.

मासः (māsaḥ) - month

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month

श्रावणः (śrāvaṇaḥ) - the specific month of Shravana (the month of Shravana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrāvaṇa

śrāvaṇa - the month of Shravana

सलिलागमः (salilāgamaḥ) - arrival of rains (monsoon) (arrival of waters, monsoon)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of salilāgama

salilāgama - arrival of waters, monsoon

Compound type : tatpurusha (salila+āgama)

• salila – water
  noun (neuter)
• āgama – arrival, coming, acquisition
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'gam' with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

प्रवृत्ताः (pravṛttāḥ) - have commenced (commenced, begun, active)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - commenced, begun, active, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛt' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used here as an adjective agreeing with 'māsāḥ'.

सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one (vocative address to Sugriva) (O gentle one, O son of Soma)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumya

saumya - gentle, mild, agreeable; son of Soma

चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

(numeral)

मासाः (māsāḥ) - months

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month

वार्षिकसंज्ञिताः (vārṣikasaṁjñitāḥ) - designated as the rainy season (designated as rainy, known as the rainy season)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vārṣikasaṃjñita

vārṣikasaṁjñita - designated as rainy, named as the rainy season

Compound type : tatpurusha (vārṣika+saṃjñita)

• vārṣika – of the rainy season, annual
  adjective (masculine)
• saṃjñita – designated, named, called
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'jñā' with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'māsāḥ'.