मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-29, verse-37
अदत्त्वा तु न भोक्तव्यं यथाविभवमात्मनः ।
पूजयित्वातिथीनिष्टान् ज्ञातीन् बन्धूंस्तथार्थिनः ॥३७॥
पूजयित्वातिथीनिष्टान् ज्ञातीन् बन्धूंस्तथार्थिनः ॥३७॥
37. adattvā tu na bhoktavyaṃ yathāvibhavamātmanaḥ .
pūjayitvātithīniṣṭān jñātīn bandhūṃstathārthinaḥ.
pūjayitvātithīniṣṭān jñātīn bandhūṃstathārthinaḥ.
37.
adattvā tu na bhoktavyam yathāvibhavam ātmanaḥ
pūjayitvā atithīn iṣṭān jñātīn bandhūn tathā arthinaḥ
pūjayitvā atithīn iṣṭān jñātīn bandhūn tathā arthinaḥ
37.
One should not eat without first giving according to one's own means (ātman), after having honored guests, dear ones, relatives, friends, and also those who seek aid.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अदत्त्वा (adattvā) - without having given
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
- न (na) - not
- भोक्तव्यम् (bhoktavyam) - should be eaten, is to be eaten
- यथाविभवम् (yathāvibhavam) - according to one's means or ability
- आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, one's own
- पूजयित्वा (pūjayitvā) - having honored, having worshipped
- अतिथीन् (atithīn) - guests, strangers
- इष्टान् (iṣṭān) - dear ones, beloved ones, friends
- ज्ञातीन् (jñātīn) - relatives, kinsmen
- बन्धून् (bandhūn) - friends, kinsmen
- तथा (tathā) - and, also, in the same way
- अर्थिनः (arthinaḥ) - seekers, supplicants, those in need
Words meanings and morphology
अदत्त्वा (adattvā) - without having given
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Negation 'a' + root dā (to give) + ktvā (absolutive suffix)
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Absolutive form.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
Note: Negation.
भोक्तव्यम् (bhoktavyam) - should be eaten, is to be eaten
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of bhoktavya
bhoktavya - to be eaten, fit to be eaten, what should be enjoyed
Gerundive
Root bhuj (to eat/enjoy) + tavya (gerundive suffix)
Root: bhuj (class 7)
Note: Impersonal passive construction.
यथाविभवम् (yathāvibhavam) - according to one's means or ability
(indeclinable)
Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vibhava)
- yathā – as, according to, in such a manner as
indeclinable - vibhava – means, resources, power, wealth
noun (masculine)
Prefix: vi
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Functions adverbially.
आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, one's own
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman
ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
Note: Qualifies 'vibhavam'.
पूजयित्वा (pūjayitvā) - having honored, having worshipped
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Root pūj (to honor) + ṇic (causative) + ktvā (absolutive suffix)
Root: pūj (class 10)
Note: Absolutive form, indicating prior action.
अतिथीन् (atithīn) - guests, strangers
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of atithi
atithi - guest, stranger, one who comes without fixed date
Note: Object of 'pūjayitvā'.
इष्टान् (iṣṭān) - dear ones, beloved ones, friends
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of iṣṭa
iṣṭa - desired, beloved, dear, worshipped
Past Passive Participle
Root iṣ (to wish, desire) + kta (past participle suffix)
Root: iṣ (class 4)
Note: Refers to a separate category of 'dear ones' as objects of honor.
ज्ञातीन् (jñātīn) - relatives, kinsmen
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of jñāti
jñāti - relative, kinsman
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Object of 'pūjayitvā'.
बन्धून् (bandhūn) - friends, kinsmen
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of bandhu
bandhu - relative, kinsman, friend
Root: bandh (class 9)
Note: Object of 'pūjayitvā'.
तथा (tathā) - and, also, in the same way
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
अर्थिनः (arthinaḥ) - seekers, supplicants, those in need
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of arthin
arthin - applicant, suitor, beggar, one who seeks wealth or anything
Derived from artha (purpose, wealth) + in (possessive suffix)
Note: Object of 'pūjayitvā'.