मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम् mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-26, verse-40

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राज्यं कुर्वन् सुहृदो नन्दयेथाः साधून् रक्षंस्तात यज्ञैर्यजेथाः ।
दुष्टान्निघ्रन् वैरिणश्चाजिमध्ये गोविप्रार्थे वत्स मृत्युं व्रजेथाः ॥४०॥

40. rājyaṃ kurvan suhṛdo nandayethāḥ sādhūn rakṣaṃstāta yajñairyajethāḥ .
duṣṭānnighran vairiṇaścājimadhye goviprārthe vatsa mṛtyuṃ vrajethāḥ.

40. rājyam kurvan suhṛdaḥ nandayethāḥ
sādhūn rakṣan tāta yajñaiḥ yajethāḥ
duṣṭān nighnan vairiṇaḥ ca ājimadhye
goviprārthe vatsa mṛtyum vrajethāḥ

40. O dear one, while ruling the kingdom, you should gladden your friends. While protecting the virtuous, you should perform worship (yajña). Striking down the wicked and your enemies in the midst of battle, you should even face death for the sake of cows and Brahmins (dvija).

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - while ruling (doing, performing, acting)

सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - your friends (friends, kind-hearted ones)

नन्दयेथाः (nandayethāḥ) - you should gladden (you should gladden, you should delight)

साधून् (sādhūn) - the virtuous (the virtuous, the good, the righteous)

रक्षन् (rakṣan) - while protecting (protecting, guarding)

तात (tāta) - O dear one (O father, O dear one, O son)

यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - with worship (yajña) (by sacrifices, by acts of worship)

यजेथाः (yajethāḥ) - you should perform worship (you should worship, you should sacrifice)

दुष्टान् (duṣṭān) - the wicked (the wicked, the corrupt)

निघ्नन् (nighnan) - striking down (striking down, killing, slaying)

वैरिणः (vairiṇaḥ) - your enemies (enemies, hostile ones)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

आजिमध्ये (ājimadhye) - in the midst of battle (in the midst of battle, in the battleground)

गोविप्रार्थे (goviprārthe) - for the sake of cows and Brahmins (dvija) (for the sake of cows and Brahmins)

वत्स (vatsa) - O dear one (O child, O dear one, O calf)

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death (death, demise)

व्रजेथाः (vrajethāḥ) - you should face/attain (you should go, you should attain, you should experience)

Words meanings and morphology

राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, royal power

From root √rāj (to rule) + suffix ya.

Root: rāj (class 1)

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - while ruling (doing, performing, acting)

(verbal adjective)

Note: Functions adverbially (while doing).

सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - your friends (friends, kind-hearted ones)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - good-hearted, friendly, friend

Compound of su (good) + hṛd (heart).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+hṛd)

su – good, well, excellent
indeclinable
prefix
hṛd – heart, mind
noun (neuter)

नन्दयेथाः (nandayethāḥ) - you should gladden (you should gladden, you should delight)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of nand

causal verb

From root √nad (to sound, rejoice), causal stem nandaya.

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: The ātmanepada ending is used in an active sense here.

साधून् (sādhūn) - the virtuous (the virtuous, the good, the righteous)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, holy man

From root √sādh (to accomplish, succeed) + suffix u.

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Used substantively.

रक्षन् (rakṣan) - while protecting (protecting, guarding)

(verbal adjective)

Note: Functions adverbially.

तात (tāta) - O dear one (O father, O dear one, O son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one (vocative)

Note: Used as an endearing address.

यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - with worship (yajña) (by sacrifices, by acts of worship)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, worship, offering

From root √yaj (to sacrifice, worship) + suffix na.

Root: yaj (class 1)

यजेथाः (yajethāḥ) - you should perform worship (you should worship, you should sacrifice)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of yaj

Optative 2nd person singular.

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: The thāḥ ending is for middle voice, which fits yaj (to sacrifice for oneself).

दुष्टान् (duṣṭān) - the wicked (the wicked, the corrupt)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of duṣṭa

duṣṭa - bad, wicked, corrupt, spoiled

Past Passive Participle

From prefix dus (bad) + root druh (to injure), or √duṣ (to be bad).

Prefix: dus

Root: duṣ (class 4)

निघ्नन् (nighnan) - striking down (striking down, killing, slaying)

(verbal adjective)

Note: The root han takes the irregular stem ghna in the present participle with prefixes.

वैरिणः (vairiṇaḥ) - your enemies (enemies, hostile ones)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vairin

vairin - hostile, enemy

Agent Noun

From vaira (hostility) + suffix in.

Note: Used substantively.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

आजिमध्ये (ājimadhye) - in the midst of battle (in the midst of battle, in the battleground)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ājimadhya

ājimadhya - midst of battle

Compound.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (āji+madhya)

āji – battle, contest, race
noun (feminine)
Prefix: ā
Root: aj (class 1)
madhya – middle, center, midst
noun (neuter)

गोविप्रार्थे (goviprārthe) - for the sake of cows and Brahmins (dvija) (for the sake of cows and Brahmins)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of goviprārtha

goviprārtha - for the sake of cows and Brahmins

Compound.

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (go+vipra+artha)

go – cow, ox, earth, ray of light
noun (masculine/feminine)
vipra – Brahmin (dvija), inspired, wise
noun (masculine)
Prefix: vi
Root: vip (class 1)
artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, for the sake of
noun (masculine)
Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Locative ending -e for artha used adverbially.

वत्स (vatsa) - O dear one (O child, O dear one, O calf)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsa

vatsa - calf, child, darling, year

Root: vas (class 1)

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death (death, demise)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, dying, personification of death

From root √mṛ (to die) + suffix tyu.

Root: mṛ (class 1)