महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-61, verse-28

भवतस्तु प्रसादेन संग्रामे बहवो जिताः ।
महारणगतः पार्थो यच्च नासीत्पराङ्मुखः ॥२८॥

28. bhavatastu prasādena saṁgrāme bahavo jitāḥ ,
mahāraṇagataḥ pārtho yacca nāsītparāṅmukhaḥ.

28. bhavataḥ tu prasādena saṃgrāme bahavaḥ jitāḥ
mahāraṇagataḥ pārthaḥ yat ca na āsīt parāṅmukhaḥ

28. tu bhavataḥ prasādena saṃgrāme bahavaḥ jitāḥ.
ca yat mahāraṇagataḥ pārthaḥ parāṅmukhaḥ na āsīt

28. Indeed, by your grace, many were conquered in battle. And because Partha (Pārtha) entered that great war, he did not turn away from it.

Words meanings summery:

• भवतः (bhavataḥ) - by your (grace) (of you, your (respectful))

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• प्रसादेन (prasādena) - by (your) grace (by grace, by favor, by clemency)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many (enemies) (many)

• जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered (conquered, vanquished)

• महारणगतः (mahāraṇagataḥ) - who entered that great war (gone to a great battle, entered a great war)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Partha (Arjuna) (son of Pritha; Arjuna)

• यत् (yat) - because (which, because, that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• न (na) - not

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was (was, existed)

• पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - turned away (from battle), retreating (turned away, averted, retreating)

Words meanings and morphology

भवतः (bhavataḥ) - by your (grace) (of you, your (respectful))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of bhavant

bhavant - you (respectful); being, existing

Present participle of 'bhū' used as a respectful pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

प्रसादेन (prasādena) - by (your) grace (by grace, by favor, by clemency)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prasāda

prasāda - grace, favor, blessing, clemency, serenity

From 'pra' + root 'sad' (to sit, settle down).

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, combat

From 'sam' + root 'gram' (to go, assemble).

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many (enemies) (many)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered (conquered, vanquished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jita

jita - conquered, overcome, subdued, won

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'ji' (to conquer, win) with the suffix '-ta'.

Root: ji (class 1)

महारणगतः (mahāraṇagataḥ) - who entered that great war (gone to a great battle, entered a great war)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāraṇagata

mahāraṇagata - gone to a great battle, entered a great war

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+raṇa+gata)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• raṇa – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, gone to, entered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'gam' (to go) with the suffix '-ta'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Partha (Arjuna) (son of Pritha; Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pritha; an epithet of Arjuna, Yudhishthira, and Bhima

Derived from 'pṛthā' (another name for Kunti, mother of the Pandavas) + 'aṇ' suffix.

यत् (yat) - because (which, because, that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as a conjunction meaning 'because'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was (was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, root 'as'.

Root: as (class 2)

पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - turned away (from battle), retreating (turned away, averted, retreating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - having the face averted, turned away, retreating, indifferent

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parāñc+mukha)

• parāñc – turned away, facing backwards, western
  adjective
  From 'parā' (away) + 'añc' (to bend, turn).
  Prefix: parā
  Root: añc (class 1)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)